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Transporte y Obras Civiles - GITOC

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Caracterización de los materiales pétreos utilizados en la ciudad de Cúcuta para la construcción de pavimentos en proyectos viales para verificar el cumplimiento de las especificaciones INVIAS 2013 para la empresa INGPRA S.A.S

Yung Vargas, Yee Wan | 2020-02-02

Tras la necesidad del desarrollo de las vías para una ciudad y el auge de los proyectos de construcción de infraestructura la empresa INGPRA S.A.S plantea la necesidad de desarrollar un proyecto para realizar la caracterización y aplicación de los ensayos solicitados por la norma en el laboratorio de Pavimentos de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander con el alcance de realizar los ensayos exigidos en las especificaciones del INVIAS para agregados pétreos que conforman los materiales de base granular, subbase granular, afirmado y mezclas asfálticas que conforman la estructura de un pavimento. A partir de la complementación del laboratorio de pavimentos se caracterizará los materiales de la zona de influencia a de seis empresas que producen este tipo de materiales para la construcción de vías en el municipio de Cúcuta y sus alrededores. Como resultado del ejercicio se entregará un informe técnico a INGPRA S.A.S con los resultados de cada una de los materiales pétreos producidos por las empresas indicando de acuerdo al tipo de material el cumplimiento o no de las especificaciones exigidas por INVIAS, además quedará implementado el servicio de los ensayos adicionados al portafolio que ofrece la UFPS. Teniendo en cuenta que la empresa podrán tener actualizada la información permitiendo utilizar en sus obras materiales que cumplen las especificaciones, dando a su cliente final una obra construida con calidad, garantizando que se trabajó con materiales pétreos idóneos. La Universidad podrá certificar dichos materiales mediante los ensayos de calidad de materiales dando acompañamiento al constructor con la periodicidad que lo exige la norma en la etapa de construcción. Las especificaciones INVIAS de acuerdo a los materiales producidos en planta exige el cumplimiento en características como: Distribución granulométrica, dureza, durabilidad, limpieza y resistencia del material. Resultado del análisis de información obtenida en los ensayos de laboratorio se podrá realizar de ser el caso recomendaciones para para el mejoramiento de las características del material con el fin de ajustar estas al cumplimiento de las especificaciones técnicas exigidas por el INVIAS.

Delay at bus stops of Metrolinea transport system, based on parameters measured "in situ". Case study Bucaramanga-Colombia

Peña, Carlos A. | 2018-10

The purpose of this research is to determine the theoretical capacity of the Metrolinea transport system according on delay at bus stop predictive model, based on parameters measured “in situ”. The Metrolinea is an integrated mass transportation system (SITM) which was developed in Bucaramanga, Colombia, and is based on the concept of a bus rapid transit (BRT) with fixed stops in exclusive places. It has a design, service and specialized infrastructure. It follows a trunk line structure interconnecting the three neighboring municipalities of Bucaramanga, Floridablanca and Piedecuesta, guaranteeing their use and high passenger demand. The project consists of a delay model at bus stops along the different stops of the trunk corridor that connect these three municipalities, allowing us to predict the most useful parameter. The methodology developed in situ consists of visual observation, executed in the existing trunk, and has an approximate length of 16.8 Km. The distance between each of its stations is variable, ranging from 230m to 2980m. The measuring requires one to board the bus, record the times spent during the journey, calculating the one with the highest demand, recording the flow of passengers, as well as calculating the delay times, interruptions and incidents. The data was collected in the year 2017 on market days. The calculation methodology used is contained in the manual of transit capacity and quality of service (TCQSM), this allowed us to determine the calculations corresponding to the theoretical capacity of the system and delay at the bus stops model.

Poder calorífico de la cascarilla de arroz usada como combustible en hornos de secado

Ramón Ramón, Sergio Andrés | 2018-07-01

industriales. Algunos estudios han demostrado que sus propiedades térmicas sustentan su uso como fuente de energía para la combustión en hornos, incluso a un nivel industrial, como sucede en empresas del sector arrocero de Cúcuta. Objetivo: Puntualmente, en este caso, se busca determinar el poder calorífico de la cascarilla de arroz que se usa como combustible en los hornos de secado en una de las arroceras de la región nortesantandereana y evaluar así, su eficiencia como fuente de energía térmica. Métodos: Para determinar la propiedad térmica en mención, se prepararon muestras de cascarilla pulverizada pasando por el proceso de cuarteo, molienda y tamizado; muestras llevadas al calorímetro. Resultados: Se encontró que el poder calorífico de esta cascarilla de arroz supera los 3700 cal/gr con un 0,15% de azufre. Conclusión: Se puede afirmar que es totalmente válido el uso de la cascarilla de arroz como fuente de energía para el proceso de secado del grano en arroceras regionales pues su poder calorífico, está incluso por encima de otras muestras estudiadas a nivel mundial.

PEST study of CO2 capture strategy from 2007 to 2018

Mendoza-Casseres, Daniel | 2018-08-18

Currently, CO2 capture and storage is a method approved by many countries to combat CO2 emissions, taking power and oil plants as study areas. According to many climate agreements made in the last decade, developed countries have implemented capture and storage projects in several countries, resulting in a reduction of CO2 emissions and being a key player in reducing global temperatures by 2050 using protocols, research centres and government support for future capture projects. The study conducted research on the countries with the largest number of publications on CO2 capture, considering the actions taken by different governments on issues related to politics, economics, society and technology with the help of a PEST analysis.

Scientometric analysis of research on eSports from 2007 to 2017

Camargo Vanegas, Josué | 2018-08-30

A scientometric analysis about eSports publications from 2007 to 2017 was carried out. HistCite was used to analyze the data collected from Web of Science during the period mentioned. The results suggest that eSports research has increased during the 11 years of study; the country with the highest number of publications was the United States of America, with eight institutions predominant in the number of publications. Most of the articles and the highest local score of total citations come from countries where eSports are considered sport; the top three journals with the most publications were International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations, Games and Culture and Psychology of Sport and Exercise, where the top three journals with the highest TLCS are Games and Culture, New Media & Society and Computers in Human Behavior.

Mass transfer simulation of liquid-liquid extraction systems using an educational software

Roncallo, Gian Franco | 2018-08-18

In order to improve the learning process about the unit operation of Liquid Extraction, it is presented a GUI in Matlab® for designing extracting systems with different types of contact, where the stages reach the equilibrium between both liquid phases. The program called ExtractING is an application of theoretical studies and material balances presented in highly relevant documents and popular academic books, which has a general procedure that initiates by introducing feed and solvent quantities with their respective compositions, and a raffinate exit condition for multistage equipment. It is necessary to introduce the ternary system (solute, dissolvent, diluent) and an operating temperature to calculate equilibrium conditions with Van Laar activity model equations. Material balances, multiple iterative routines, and equilibrium diagrams were used to calculate raffinate and extract conditions in all the stages as well as the minimum number of stages needed for the required separation allowing the user to get the approximate size and cost of the equipment, making this software a powerful academic tool. With the program, it was compared the maximum separation for specified conditions between counter-current and crosscurrent equipment, the separation percentage behavior with an increasing feed quantity, and the separation behavior with variations of temperature.

An integral PEST study of biomass as energy resource

Mendoza Cassere, Daniel | 2018-08-18

The present work was carried out in order to evaluate the world's scientific production with respect to the topic of biomass, based on articles published from 2007 onwards. The data were obtained from the Web of Science data collection, and analyzed, through the HitsCite metadata processor, within which indicators were highlighted, such as the number of total publications, the countries that publish the most, in different periods of years, to establish the trend graphically and in the future, to be able to predict the behavior that will occur. The results show that of the 874 articles published to date, 168 were published by the United States, which is equivalent to 19.2%, followed by China, Italy and finally the United Kingdom with 65 articles published (7.4%), 64 articles (7.3%) and 56 articles published (6.4%) respectively. In addition, a PEST analysis was developed to analyses the behavior of the number of publications in relation to the political, economic, social and technological fields for each country studied, in order to be able to create means of prediction in the future.

The architecture on land and its construction techniques, millenary tradition that is reborn

Hurtado-Figueroa, Oswaldo | 2018-08-30

In the context of sustainable development, the use of materials of low environmental impact in the activities inherent to the construction of houses plays an important role when it comes to reducing waste pollution. The alternative materials to be used in the various construction processes, besides being totally renewable, they must be reusable, available locally and have little or no energy expenditure in its extraction, preparation and application. The Bio resources or Eco materials meet these requirements, of which land as ancestral material used in millenary construction techniques, it becomes the most feasible alternative for its use as a construction material to replace the conventional ones. The main objective is the literary review of articles published in reliable databases, whose research topic was based on the analysis and use of land and natural materials for application in housing construction. The articles were categorized, analyzed and integrated into a synthesized structure to extract the important aspects in the thematic introduction, the constructive techniques, the results of the processes carried out and finally, the conclusions on the constructive implementation of the elements studied. In this way it offers information of interest to people who want to delve into the subject investigated.

Parametric study of leaching processes using a GUI developed in Matlab

Roncallo, Gian | 2018-08-18

With the aim to enhance the learning process of the unit operation of Leaching, it is presented a GUI in Matlab® for designing systems with different types of contact where the stages reach the equilibrium between the solid and liquid phase. The program called LeachING is an application of theoretical studies and material balances presented in highly relevant documents and popular academic books, which has a general procedure that initiates by introducing the feed and solvent quantities with their respective compositions, and a raffinate exit condition for multistage equipment. Finally, material balances and multiple iterative routines were used to calculate raffinate and extract exit conditions, and the minimum number of stages necessary to reach them, allowing the user to get the approximate size and cost of the equipment making this software a powerful academic tool. With the program, it was compared the maximum separation for given conditions between countercurrent and crosscurrent equipment, the behavior of the percentage of separation when increasing feeding with constant solvent, and the behavior of the maximum feeding for the different types of contact.

Incidence of the lean philosophy construction in the productivity and analysis of processes in internal finishes in masonry living quarters in the construction projects: case-residential complex Callejas-Cucuta-Colombia

Hurtado-Figueroa, Oswaldo | 2018-08-30

The technical supervision in the construction projects is of special importance for the correct execution of the activities, its objective is to reduce the errors that are incurred when carrying out the processes inherent to its development. The finishes, as a final stage in the construction of homes, generate visual appeal to customers by encouraging their option of purchase. However, the costs contemplated in this stage are important in the budget. Defining an efficient work method helps improve the completion time of the activity by promoting compliance with the schedule stipulated for the project, together with the improvement of profitability for the contractor. The present work applies some tools of the Lean Construction philosophy of the two methods implemented in the application of the coating and detailing or final finishing for houses built in masonry, through continuous observation, using the balance sheet tools, the Last Planner system with the weekly schedule and lines of balance for the programming of activities. From these measurements, time-operator relationships were obtained, which sought to identify productive, contributory and noncontributory activities that affect productivity in the development of the project, reaching conclusions that maximize productivity, reducing activities that do not generate value to the Project.

Implementation of a fuel measurement system based on the gravimetric principle for applications in engine test bench

Duarte, Jorge | 2018-09-12

This paper documents the implementation process of a fuel measurement system based on the gravimetric principle for applications in Engine Test Bench. To do this, the design of the measurement hardware consists of a gravimetric scale with serial output, feed pump, and a valve; which interact with each other thanks to the programming developed in the Arduino UNO® environment, it is possible to guarantee protection against possible disturbances that may affect the data measured by the scale by means of an acrylic structure. For the visualization and interaction with the information collected by the meter, an executable application is made using the LabView ™ computational tool. Finally, a series of runs are carried out to guarantee compatibility with the existing testbench in the laboratory and to demonstrate the functionality of the system.

Risk-assessment V1.0: A new interactive software to develop risk assessment using MATLAB®

Cardenas Escorcia, Yulineth | 2018

This article presents the use of an interactive computer tool developed in MATLAB® called RISKASSESSMENT v1.0, to perform market risk analysis of commercial products, through the development of cash flow, sensitivity analysis, and SpiderPlot graphics, which allow the identification of the economic-financial equilibrium point of a company. The tool facilitates the reduction of the uncertainty produced in the return on investment due to changes in the economic environment of the sector in which the company operates, through statistical techniques and tools that involve parameters such as the annual effective rate in the Colombian national currency, net present value, internal rate of return, period of recovery of capital, through a sensitivity analysis. To validate the effectiveness of using software in the development of risk analysis, a case study was conducted for an alcohol beverage sales business, where, based on the portfolio containing the product quantity, unit variable cost, sales price, percentage of sales growth and annual sales volume, in addition to detailed information on the initial investment, the cash flow with a 5-year horizon, the net present value, the internal rate of return, the period of capital recovery and the average accounting profitability are calculated. The tool also performs sensitivity analysis and SpiderPlot for each of the products. Finally, the program presented allows to calculate the annual cash flows in a fast and didactic way, which normally requires time and specialized training in a traditional exercise.

Application of LEAN tool "line balancing" to determine the productivity of workforce in activities of plastering and internal detailing in two-story houses made of masonry

Hurtado-Figueroa, Oswaldo | 2018-11-26

The finishing work of construction represents an aggregated value that makes the difference when a client is deciding to buy a house. The stipulated costs for plastering and detail activities for houses, in occasions, surpasses 30% of the total value of the construction work, considerable costs that require constant control and supervision both in the analysis and the execution of the construction. The implementation of the LEAN philosophy in this activity is not commonly implemented due to the lack of knowledge of the tools that this method provides. This research shows the implementation of line balancing, as a LEAN tool, in the plastering and detailing activities for two-story masonry houses, constructed in the housing project Callejas del Este which took place in the city of Cucuta, Colombia. The implementation of this tool contemplated the analysis of execution times of the work crew, the results were synthesized in tables for better interpretation and conclusions of interest were developed for the improvement of the observed processes and activities.

Handling of concrete with addition of residual ceramic material in different % replacing conventional stony aggregate

Hurtado-Figueroa, Oswaldo | 2018-11-26

A conventional concrete mixture elaborated according to the parameters described in the Colombian Technical Standards NTC under the conditioning established by the Quake Resistant Standard NSR-10 that regulates our country. A residual ceramic sample was taken from elements of masonry and tiles from the brick industry Santa Rosa, the obtained material was taken to the crusher La Victoria, where the milling process and reduction of particles was performed as well as to the conventional mineral aggregates. The granulometry was performed to the coarse aggregate of the crushed ceramic material according to the NTC-77, simultaneously the respective test to determine its physical properties according to the stipulated by the same standards were performed. Designs of experimental mixtures were made, 10, 20-100% of the weight of the conventional concrete coarse aggregate was replaced by its equivalent in ceramic coarse aggregate. To the designs of both conventional and experimental mixtures, the test of concrete setting was performed with the help of the concrete slump test to determine its handling. The results obtained by the test performed to the different mixtures were portrayed in a table, were the obtained data for the conventional concrete mixture was used as a comparative base for the rest of the data.

Implementation of hospital waste replacing stony aggregates in non-structural concrete mixes of low resistance

Hurtado-Figueroa, Oswaldo | 2018-11-29

A non-structural concrete mix was elaborated with a resistance of 14.5 Megapascals under the parameters indicated in the American Concrete Institute (ACI), ASTM and the Colombian Technical Standards (NTC). Six mixing cylinders were made with the concrete mix to test their mechanical resistance using the compressive resistance test, 3 were tested on day 7 and the 3 left were tested on day 28, the tests were performed in the IBERFEST machine, located in the laboratory of resistance of materials of the University Francisco de Paula Santander in the city of Cucuta, Colombia. The results were averaged to obtain the data of interest. Hospital solid waste was treated and processed in the Ecosteryl machine 250C, located in the environmental technology park Guayabal, Cucuta. The processes for the treatment of the waste material were performed under the established procedures in the Colombian decree 2676 of 2000. Taking particles, no bigger than 20mm of waste material, 2.5, 5 and 7.5% of the total stony aggregate used for the elaboration of the non-structural concrete was replaced, each of the 3 percentages were used for the elaboration of the 6-cylinder mixes (2 of each). The cylinders were tested on days 7 and 28 using the same procedure implemented to the mix of non-structural concrete. With the data obtained from the tests a comparative analysis was performed, identifying the presented characteristics of each.

Determination of the quality of coarse aggregates for the elaboration of concrete mixes from 3 water sources in the City of Cucuta-Colombia

Hurtado-Figueroa, Oswaldo | 2018-12-07

A comparative analysis was performed on the mineral material extracted from 3 water sources in the city of Cucuta, from the rivers Tachira, Pamplonita and Zulia to determine the viability of their incorporation in the concrete mixtures for the construction of rigid floors. There were visits to the companies Preconcretos Trituradora la Roca y Concretos, and Tirurados, in charge of the material extractions, where samples of the crushed material "coarse aggregate" from each of the water sources were taken respectively. The granulometry of the coarse aggregate was performed according to the arranged parameters in the NCT 174 whose results were determinant for the conclusions. The trial of degradation to abrasion to each of the samples was executed, taking as guide the indications described by the Colombian INV-218-13 standard. The results obtained in the trial were analyzed and compared with the parameters stipulated by the INV standard described for the % of the degradation limit allowed for coarse aggregate for its usage as concrete material in the construction of rigid floors. It was concluded that each of the extracted materials from the water sources were viable according to the data obtained from their comparison.

Resistance to compression of conventional concrete alleviated through partial substitution of coarse aggregate for expanded polystyrene

Hurtado-Figueroa, Oswaldo | 2018-12-07

A conventional concrete mix was elaborated using the Colombian Technical Standards NTC and Title C of the NSR-10 that rule in Colombia. 10 and 20% of the coarse aggregate volume was replaced with expanded polyethylene, 2 experimental mixes were elaborated with each of the incorporated %. 3 mixing cylinders were made, each one with the elaborated mixes to test their resistance to compression on days 7, 14 and 28. The obtained data in the tests performed on the material resistance laboratories from the UFPS (University Francisco de Paula Santander) showed the mechanical behavior regarding the resistance to compression of conventional and experimental concrete mixes at different concrete ages. The results of this research conclude that although there is a minimum resistance superiority in conventional concrete, the experimental mixes are viable for implementation in engineering projects.

Influence of natural frequency on stability during milling of inconel and udimet 500

Coba Salcedo, Milton Fabian | 2018-09-18

Chatter in the machine tools represents one of the biggest problems due to the instability in the machining process, breakage of the tool and accelerated wear of the tool and spindle or machine components in the metal cutting processes, such as turning, milling, boring, drilling, etc. Which translates into a poor-quality surface finish, this phenomenon consists of self-excited vibrations that are produced and maintained due to shear forces, the purpose of this article is to predict the optimal points of operation in the milling process for Ni-based Inconel and make a comparison with Ni-based Udimet 500 through observation supported by a graphical and analytical tool to generate stability lobe diagrams, a code was developed in the MATLAB® software capable of generating stability lobe diagrams for the milling operation that provides optimal operating points to avoid tool vibration, thus improving chip removal rates and increasing productivity.

Diseño de teja modular ventilada en resina y arcilla sin cocer

Daza, Natalia | 2019-01-01

En muchas ocasiones se han buscado alternativas a los materiales con que se cubren las viviendas, y uno de los materiales más usados es la teja criolla, un material hecho con barro dándole forma y horneado después, es por ello que el objetivo de este trabajo fue proponer una teja en resina y arcilla sin cocimiento alguno, con esto se pretende mejorar el cómo se cubren las viviendas y ahorrando energía en su cocción, este trabajo fue de corte documental y descriptivo, ya que se analizaron materiales los cuales se propusieron para la realización de la teja, con esto se espera mejorar el desempeño de la teja antes utilizada con base a conseguir un material con un menor peso y menor costo.

Análisis del comportamiento del guadua “BAMBU” sometido a postensado

Granados-Páez, María Fernanda | 2019-07-01

El siguiente trabajo pretende dar a conocer el comportamiento de las propiedades de bambú sometido a postensado, a través de una investigación científica que tiene como objetivo general Aplicar ensayos de laboratorio al bambú o guadua angustifolia kunth sometida a postensado a distintas cargas axiales a lo largo de su luz. La investigación tiene un enfoque cualitativo; de la misma manera, es de carácter documental ya que se puede realizar a nivel exploratorio, descriptivo o explicativo estudiando variables independientes a partir de datos secundarios, con análisis de estos datos secundarios se puede elaborar importantes conclusiones relacionadas con el comportamiento o estado de las variables; para el análisis de los resultados se utilizaran instrumentos como fichas, computadores, y sus unidades de almacenaje, cuadros de registros. El mismo está estructurado de la siguiente manera en un primer bloque se presenta el planteamiento del problema, los objetivos del estudio y la justificación. En un segundo bloque todo lo referente a la metodología, se desarrolla el tipo y diseño de la investigación, las técnicas de recolección y procesamiento de la información. Finalmente se presentan las conclusiones.