Envíos recientes

Fito bioquímica y Biología Molecular - FITOBIOMOL

|

Study on Croton sp. genetic diversity in the Department of Norte de Santander using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA)

Chaves-Bedoya, Giovanni | 2022-01-01

Genetic variability studies on species with a pharmacological potential are essential for conserving genetic resources. A genetic characterization of a species can guide efforts to collect and conserve germplasm for future breeding programs. The Croton genus belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family, which has approximately 1,300 species, is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and has a wide range of ethnobotanical and medicinal uses. The aim of this research was to study genetic variability by analyzing sequences of the internal transcribed space region (ITS1 5'-TCCGTAGGGAACCTGCGGC-3' and ITS4 5'-TCCTCCGCTTATGC-3') of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of a Croton population from forested areas in the Department of Norte de Santander in the municipalities of Chinacota, Pamplona and El Zulia. The results indicated considerable genetic variability in the Croton population, with a nucleotide similarity ranging from 54 to 99% and phylogenetical grouping according to the place of origin. The information gained from the ITS region can be a useful parameter for diversity evaluations and phylogenetic studies since there are no similar studies on Croton in this department in northeastern Colombia.

Traditional use and qualitative chemical composition of medicinal plants in the communities of Sardinata and Cúcuta in Norte de Santander - Colombia

Ascanio, Erika Andrea | 2023-01-01

Traditional medicine is part of the culture of the people, it is an expression of intangible cultural heritage that combines different traditional knowledge and practices. Medicinal plants have been used as an alternative method to conventional medicine, and their use in developing countries has been inherited generationally. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of use in traditional medicine and preliminary identification of secondary metabolites present in medicinal plants used for the treatment of ailments in two municipalities from Norte de Santander-Colombia. The research method used for the development of the project is qualitative and experimental. Interviews were conducted with 40 herbalists in the markets of the municipalities of Sardinata and Cúcuta. Experimentally, the ethanolic extract of 17 medicinal plants was obtained to identify the secondary metabolites present using the technique of thin layer chromatography (TLC). The results suggests that the secondary metabolites of higher prevalence in the most used medicinal plants are flavonoids and terpenes. Information gained from traditional and medicinal plants maintains an important cultural value and represents an alternative use for the management of ailments at low cost, highlighting the importance of phytotherapy for communities. The results of the study not only confirm the relevance of medicinal plants in the region, but also highlight the importance of continuing to research and document the applications and benefits of these plants in traditional and modern medicine.

Evaluación del control de Burkholderia glumae en arroz (Oryza sativa) FEDEARROZ 67, utilizando nanopartículas de plata (AgNPs) en condiciones de invernadero

Morales Becerra, Carlos Ernesto | 2023-09-01

El tizón bacteriano de la panícula, causado por Burkholderia glumae , representa una amenaza significativa para la producción mundial de arroz, poniendo en peligro la seguridad alimentaria futura. La gravedad de esta enfermedad transmitida por las semillas se ha visto amplificada por las condiciones ambientales cambiantes, pero siguen siendo difíciles de alcanzar estrategias de control eficaces y variedades de arroz totalmente resistentes. Esta investigación se realizó con la variedad de arroz FEDEARROZ 67 proveniente de Agua Clara, municipio de Cúcuta, y las pruebas se realizaron en condiciones controladas de invernadero en la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar el potencial de las nanopartículas de plata (AgNP) sintetizadas electroquímicamente para controlar B. glumae . Se empleó un diseño completamente al azar con cinco tratamientos: preventivo, curativo, control positivo, control negativo y control absoluto. Las variables analizadas incluyeron el número de hojas cloróticas, altura y peso de la planta. Los análisis estadísticos abarcaron análisis de varianza y pruebas de comparación de medias de Tukey utilizando XLSTATS versión 2018. Nuestros hallazgos revelaron que el tratamiento preventivo con AgNP en una concentración de 5 ppm exhibió efectos fitoprotectores significativos contra B. glumae . Las plantas bajo este tratamiento mostraron menos síntomas cloróticos y mayores alturas y pesos en comparación con los controles. Estos hallazgos subrayan el potencial de la nanotecnología como herramienta innovadora para combatir enfermedades bacterianas en cultivos esenciales como el arroz, contribuyendo así a un futuro sostenible para la agricultura mundial.

In Vitro antifungal activity of ethanol extracts from Cnidoscolus urens L. in controlling Colletotrichum spp. in Lycopersicum esculentum: a sustainable agricultural perspective

Carrillo, Maria Fernanda | 2023-05-01

Anthracnose, caused by the pathogenic fungi Colletotrichum spp., poses a significant threat to table tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) cultivation. This study delves into the potential of plant extracts from Cnidoscolus urens L. as an alternative biocontrol strategy to combat this disease. Rich in secondary metabolites like terpenes, which are instrumental in plant defense, these extracts also comprise esters and fatty acids. Although the latter are not classified as secondary metabolites, they contribute significantly to the plant's biochemical makeup. Our objective was to gauge the in vitro inhibitory efficacy of ethanolic extracts derived from the leaves and stems of Cnidoscolus urens L. against Colletotrichum spp. To achieve this, an agar dilution method with varying extract concentrations was employed. The results showed that concentrations ranging from treatment 3 to treatment 8 effectively inhibited fungal mycelial growth. Interestingly, the extracts' origin, whether from leaves or stems, did not show any significant differential impact on their inhibitory activity. These insights emphasize the consistent effect of Cnidoscolus urens L. extracts in stalling Colletotrichum spp. growth, underscoring their potential as biological antifungal agents in agriculture. Given the pronounced in vitro effectiveness of both leaf and stem extracts, they beckon further exploration as part of sustainable agricultural strategies to combat prominent diseases like anthracnose.

Silver colloidal nanoparticles by electrochemistry: temporal evaluation and surface plasmon resonance

Padilla Sierra, H A | 2021-06-04

The electrochemical technique for obtaining silver nanoparticles has advantages over other methods. For the synthesis, a colloidal silver generator (Colloidal Silver Generator® model 1001) was used, where two electrodes coupled to high purity silver rods (99.99%) were used, with a potential difference of 24 V. Nanoparticle concentration was measured by total dissolved solids, using the SI-Analytic HandyLab 680 FK multiparameter in 200 mL of Milli-Q deionized water, reporting 18 ppm at 1 hour at room temperature. The determination of the resonance wavelength of the surface plasmons was carried out by finding the maximum absorbance by UVVisible spectrophotometry with λ = 423 nm. The morphology and size of the nanoparticles was determined by Transmission Electron Microscopy, observing spherical morphology and sizes smaller than 50 nm. The chemical composition was determined by X-ray energy dispersed spectroscopy, finding a weight concentration of 93.22% of silver. The results show an optimal synthesis of colloidal silver, with characteristics that will allow the inhibition of microorganisms of interest.

Molecular characterization of two papaya ringspot virus isolates that cause devastating symptoms in Norte de Santander, Colombia

Chaves-Bedoya, Giovanni | 2017-01-06

Papaya ringspot virus is an RNA virus that belongs to the genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae and affects both papaya and cucurbits, causing great economic losses. PRSV isolates are divided into biotypes P and W; both biotypes naturally infect plants in the family Cucurbitaceae, whereas the P type also naturally infects papaya (Carica papaya L). In the present study, we report the full-length genome sequence of two PRSV-P isolates sampled from the Campo Hermoso (PRSV-CH) and Villa del Rosario (PRSV-VR) localities in Norte de Santander, Colombia. The genomes of these PRSV isolates are 10,326 nt in length and have a predicted ORF of 3344 aa. The identity among Colombian PRSV isolates is 96.9% and 97.3% at the nucleotide and deduced amino acid levels, respectively. PRSV isolates from China had the lowest identity at 78.3% and 89.2% (nucleotide-amino acid), whereas the highest identities were detected in PRSV isolates from Mexico, Venezuela and Hawaii. At the polyprotein level, the amino acid composition surrounding the active polyprotein cleavage sites differ in the Colombian PRSV sequences. The predicted cleavage site in P1/HC-Pro is LEQY/N – LEQY/S instead of MEQY/N. Both of the Colombian PRSV isolates have a putative recombination event in the P1 coding region, which is common in all PRSV isolates from the American continent. The new full-length PRSV sequences from Colombia provide a better understanding of the dynamics of papaya ringspot virus infections in papaya in Colombia and worldwide.

Transcriptional changes involved in kumquat (Fortunella spp) defense response to Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri in early stages of infection

GIRALDO GONZALEZ, JHON JAIRO | 2021-12

Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), the causal agent of type A canker, differentially affects all commercial varieties of citrus plants. Among them, Fortunella spp (kumquat) have higher tolerance to disease development, although the molecular mechanisms involved in their defense are not fully understood. In this study, using RNA-seq approach, the transcriptional responses of kumquat leaves at 24 h after water (controls) and Xcc inoculation were analyzed. A total of 1439 Differentially expressed genes (DEG) with statistical significance (p-value<0.025) were identified, with 444 being upregulated. These genes were found to be involved in pathogen recognition, cell wall remodeling and reinforcement, lignin biosynthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, pathogenesis-related proteins (PR) and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites including phenylpropanoids, terpenoids and alkaloids. Genes related to disease resistance (R genes) and salicylic acid (SA)-dependent systemic acquired resistance (SAR) were also induced. In turn, the 995 downregulated genes were mainly associated with photosynthesis, photorespiration, chlorophyll synthesis and cell growth. This suggest that, once the pathogen is detected, the plant generates a strong oxidative burst and its cellular machinery is directed towards the synthesis of secondary metabolites and defense proteins while its own growth is inhibited. Overall, these transcriptional changes provide valuable information about the molecular basis of the defense in kumquat plants, which may be useful in the design of new control methods for citrus canker.

Respuesta en el desarrollo radicular deArabidopsis thaliana al extracto foliar de Moringa oleifera

Ortiz, Luz | 2017-06-13

La respuesta del crecimiento de las raíces se encuentra mediado por fitorreguladores que participan en todas las etapas de crecimiento y desarrollo de la planta. Un adecuado sistema radicular garantiza el anclaje y absorción de nutrientes para los procesos metabólicos requeridos en sus etapas fenológicas. Las citoquininas (CK) y auxinas (AIA), son fitorreguladores que desempeñan un papel importante en el desarrollo del sistema radicular. Se ha reportado que las hojas de Moringa oleifera son particularmente ricas en zeatina, por lo que la aplicación de sus extractos puede tener efecto en el desarrollo radicular. Para entender de manera detallada la respuesta de las raíces al extracto de Moringa oleifera, se utilizó un sistema in vitro con Arabidopsis thaliana usando dos condiciones experimentales: (A) semillas germinadas directamente en medio MS con aplicación del extracto de Moringa oleifera a diferentes diluciones y (B) plantas germinadas y crecidas por 8 días en medio MS, sin raíces laterales (RL), transferidas a medios con diferentes diluciones del extracto. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que (A) la mejor dilución del extracto básico (KOH 0,05 M) de Moringa oleifera para la estimulación de la germinación se presentó en las diluciones de 1 mL, 1,5 mL y 2,0 mL, al igual que el tratamiento con trans zeatina ribósido (ZR) con una concentración 60 μM, (B) el extracto básico de Moringa oleifera en una relación 1.5:0.5 (extracto:KOH 0,05 M), fue el mejor tratamiento para el desarrollo de la raíz principal (RP) y raíces laterales (RL). Se necesitan estudios adicionales para determinar la validez de estos resultados en campo

Composición fitoquímica del extracto de raíz de Ichthyothere terminalis de dos regiones geográficas diferentes de Colombia

Chaves-Bedoya, Giovanni | 2017-09-01

Se reporta el análisis fitoquímico de dos extractos de raíz de Ichthyothere terminalis, colectadas en las localidades de Cumaral (Meta) y Abrego (Norte de Santander), Colombia. Los extractos se obtuvieron en etanol por destilación a presión reducida y fueron caracterizados por pruebas cualitativas, así como por cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (GC-MS). El análisis GC-MS reveló diferencias en los compuestos en Ichthyothere terminalis de acuerdo al lugar de procedencia. Las plantas procedentes de Cumaral contienen saponinas, cumarinas y taninos, mientras que las procedentes de Abrego contienen alcaloides taninos, cumarinas y flavoniodes. El extracto etanólico de Abrego presenta principalmente octadecandien-1-ol (53,5%), oxido de cariofileno (30,8%), hexadecanol (24,0%), trans-β-cariofileno (13,6%), cicloisolongifoleno (11,6%), germancreno D (6,0%) y 9-octadecen-1-ol (8,0%). Las plantas de Cumaral presentan principalmente citronelal (46,4%), p-cimeno (6,4%), geraniol (5,0%) y citronelol (4,6%). Entre los compuestos químicos encontrados, varios poseen propiedades repelentes de acuerdo a los reportes etnobotánicos de la region Amazónica. Estudios adicionales podrán determinar la efectividad como repelente de los extractos de raíz de I. terminalis.

Diversidad genética de Moringa oleifera Lam. en el nororiente colombiano utilizando marcadores RAMs

Chaves-Bedoya, Giovanni | 2018-01-06

Moringa oleifera Lam., también conocida como Moringa pterygosperma Gaertn., es un árbol endógeno de la región del Himalaya, de crecimiento rápido que puede alcanzar los 12 m de alto. Moringa es empleado como alimento o como medicina, reconocido por sus compuestos bioactivos. En Colombia, moringa se ha promovido principalmente por sus propiedades medicinales. Sin embargo, a pesar de la importancia de este recurso fitogenético, no existen estudios de su variabilidad genética en el país. En esta investigación, empleando marcadores moleculares microsatélites amplificados al azar (RAMs), se analizaron 45 accesiones de moringa procedentes de 4 departamentos del Nor Oriente de Colombia. Los coeficientes de Dice y Nei-Li a un nivel de similitud de 0,75 diferenciaron la población en 4 grupos genéticos. La heterocigocidad estimada fue de 0,13 para el cebador CT y de 0,29 para los cebadores CGA y GT. El porcentaje de loci polimórfico osciló entre 31 y 100% para los cebadores CT y CA, respectivamente. Por la agrupación UPGMA, se identificó que las accesiones de Villa del Rosario en Norte de Santander están genéticamente aislados. Se encontró que la diversidad genética de las accesiones de Moringa estudiadas es baja. El conocimiento de la variabilidad genética de moringa en las regiones de estudio, proporciona un nuevo aporte a los cultivadores colombianos que puede ser empleado en futuros programas de mejoramiento.

Presence of Potyvirus in the Norte de Santander department and molecular characterization of NIb protein in Colombian SCMV isolates

Ortiz, Luz | 2021-05-18

Potyviruses are the largest genus of plant viruses that cause significant losses over a wide range of crops. In this paper, the presence of potyvirus in different plant crops in the provinces of Ocaña and Pamplona located in the north and south of the Department of Norte de Santander (Colombia) was evaluated with RT-PCR analysis using universal oligonucleotides specific to the region that encodes the NIB protein. The results indicate the presence of several potyvirus in Pamplona in economically important crops such as corn (Zea mays), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), potato (Solanum tuberosum) and zucchini (Cucurbita pepo). In Ocaña, potyvirus was found in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), corn and pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima/i>). In corn, one of the most important crops, the presence of the Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) was confirmed with nucleotide sequencing. This is the first report of this virus in the department. The presence of several potyviruses in different crops in Norte de Santander indicate an alarming phytosanitary condition that must be addressed with priority to establish detection and control systems that maximize production, ensure agricultural sustainability, and propose certification schemes and improvement programs to reduce economic losses.

Silver colloidal nanoparticles by electrochemistry: temporal evaluation and surface plasmon resonance

Chaves Bedoya, Giovanni | 2021-10-18

The electrochemical technique for obtaining silver nanoparticles has advantages over other methods. For the synthesis, a colloidal silver generator (Colloidal Silver Generator® model 1001) was used, where two electrodes coupled to high purity silver rods (99.99%) were used, with a potential difference of 24 V. Nanoparticle concentration was measured by total dissolved solids, using the SI-Analytic HandyLab 680 FK multiparameter in 200 mL of Milli-Q deionized water, reporting 18 ppm at 1 hour at room temperature. The determination of the resonance wavelength of the surface plasmons was carried out by finding the maximum absorbance by UV-Visible spectrophotometry with λ = 423 nm. The morphology and size of the nanoparticles was determined by Transmission Electron Microscopy, observing spherical morphology and sizes smaller than 50 nm. The chemical composition was determined by X-ray energy dispersed spectroscopy, finding a weight concentration of 93.22% of silver. The results show an optimal synthesis of colloidal silver, with characteristics that will allow the inhibition of microorganisms of interest.