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Enseñanza de las Ciencias – Arquímedes

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Underlying variables in the understanding of movement in engineering students

Gamboa Suárez, Audin Aloiso | 2021-08-26

This article describes the understanding of motion by active students taking Newtonian physics for engineering, supported by active learning, during the pandemic due to COVID-19; in addition, an unsupervised predictive model of learning achievement was constructed from variables identified using the principal component analysis technique on the responses. the instrument used is the modified test of understanding graphs-kinematics comprehension. students from two universities in Bogotá, Colombia participated. The results show a lower level of accuracy in students in remote face-to-face mode, compared to the reference group of physical presence; by way of reflection, the forced educational experiment implies resizing the teaching activity in the teaching and learning of movement.

Didactic Engineering as a research method in physics teaching

Avendaño Castro, William Rodrigo | 2021-08-26

Several mathematical concepts have application in physics; this paper reports the results of a pedagogical investigation based on the methodology known as didactic engineering, which has been proposed with the aim of improving the skills exhibited by a group of eleventh grade students from a private institution in the interpretation of kinematic graphs. The concept of the slope of the straight line and how this mathematical concept can represent velocity or acceleration according to the variables considered in the kinematics graph provided was enhanced in the pedagogical intervention. This methodology offers a process of internal validation, after comparing the results obtained in a knowledge test at two different points in time (pre-test and post-test). The results allowed us to identify improvements in all students in terms of basic kinematics graph interpretation skills, and a group of students stood out by advancing in more complex reasoning and interpretation processes. These results contribute to the improvement of the pedagogical practices of Physics teachers at secondary and middle school levels, making them more competent when they enter higher education.

Imaginaries Of The Venezuelan Migrant From The Narratives Of A Border Community In Cúcuta, Colombia

Urbina Cárdenas, Jesús Ernesto | 2022-11-09

This text addresses the phenomenon of migration of the Venezuelan population to Colombia from the narratives of inhabitants of the border area of the Corregimiento de la Parada, located in the city of Cúcuta. Through these narratives the researchers show the atavistic imaginaries about the Venezuelan migrant through fivecategories: "the borders", "friend/enemy", "good/bad", "scapegoat", "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth". An interpretative methodology is used, taking symbolic interactionism as a reference, insofar as it allows us to understand the process of creation and assignment of meanings by the residents of this area. The results show violence as a method to justify xenophobic attitudes against Venezuelan migrants.

Processes Of Educational Inclusion In Times Of Crisis

Vergara Fregoso, Martha | 2022-11-09

The pandemic marked society and, therefore, educational institutions, since preventive measures revealed large gaps and differences, and led to rethink the role of the school today, to rethink its constitution and redirect its actions towards a renewed entity, with new positions, new approaches and commitments, in order to respond to current needs and, even more so, to serve students with disabilities. This paper represents a research advance in which an analysis is made of the perspective, policies and strategies that the University of Guadalajara implements to guarantee inclusive education, and some of the effects generated in higher education students as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic; in particular, emphasis is placed on the effects that the situation has had on students with disabilities. For this research, some interviews were conducted with blind students from the same institution, in order to learn about their experiences during the health emergency.

Mathematical Modelling As A Tool To Understand Everyday Situations

Prada Núñez, Raúl | 2022-11-09

This research reports the effects derived from the application of mathematical modelling in classroom work within the development of mathematics classes, which allowed the resignification of the concept of linear function, making use of various semiotic registers of representation applied to a wide range of everyday situations. The fieldwork was based on the application of a didactic sequence to two groups of ninth grade students from a public educational institution located in the capital city of northeastern Colombia. The students were expected to build a mathematical model that would fit the data provided framed in the situations in context in order to contribute to the re-signification of mathematical knowledge. The results show that the practice of modelling favours the motivation of students in relation to mathematical knowledge, giving it meaning and significance when confronted with real situations.

Formative Meaning Of Teaching Practice

Freire Tigreros, María Eufemia | 2022-11-09

The perception that four teachers and one hundred students have of their teaching practices with theoretical support was explored, which served as a basis for discussion, of the incidence of teacher training on the educational task, from a qualitative research, inductive method, descriptive-interpretative approach. To address subjective aspects about before, during and afterthe practice, a non-participant observation guide and a student questionnaire were used as instruments. The results allowed recovering the contributions in two constructs: the theoretical meaning and the formative meaning. Here we present the analysis of the formative meaning that contemplates the subcategories of New Forms of Pedagogical Relationship (NFRP) articulated to critical dialogicity and Collaborative Work (CT) and derived from it, the importance of enhancing the formative nature of research.

¿Los Foráneos? Relatos de Población Receptora de Migrantes en una Ciudad Fronteriza

Bayona Sanabria, Tatiana Torcoroma | 2022-11-09

This research article shows a broad analysis of the situation of migrants in the city of Cúcuta - Norte de Santander (Colombia) and the representations that the receiving citizens have in this border context. The methodological approach of this study was framed from the qualitative-hermeneutic paradigm where the life story was used as a basis for collecting information. The results of the research show that the discourses of the subjects under study legitimise violent actions towards the Venezuelan migrant population. Furthermore, it shows that in the border municipalities, residents naturalise the current situation, to the extent that it seems that the events that occur in this border context are isolated from the reality of those who do not migrate, describing them as "something normal".

Education And Prevention: Strategies To Prevent Adolescent Suicide

Gómez, Guillermo | 2023-05-01

Gatekeepers Training (GKT) is one of the most widely used and disseminated programs worldwide to train personnel in suicide prevention. The purpose of the program is to acquire the necessary skills and competencies to detect psychoemotional and mental health problems that could lead to self-destructive behaviors. In this research work, the level of risk related to suicide was evaluated by means of the ISO-30 psychometric test in high school students, then the effectiveness of a gatekeeper training program applied in the Tepatitlan Regional Preparatory School (TRPS) andsome of its modules was evaluated. The results of the ISO-30 psychometry showed that 64.5% of the students evaluated have a high-riskfactor for suicide related to the inability to cope with emotions. In addition to the above, a statistically significant difference was found (Mann-Whitney U Statistics = 4322.000; p0.001) in the level of competence of the participants in relation to a pre-training evaluation.It is important to note that the effect of the difference found is strong (Rosenthal’sr=0.67) so it is concluded that the GKT drastically improved the skills and competencies of the participants.

Difficulties in the interpretation of kinematics graphs in secondary basic education students

Prada Nuñez, Raul | 2022-10-22

This research reports the findings derived from the identification of the difficulties exhibited by a group of 76 students from different grades of basic secondary education in a private educational institution with an emphasis on science education. The students were given a questionnaire presenting five situations based on the Position-Time graph associated with uniform rectilinear motion of particles. The research approach is of a quantitative nature at a descriptive level with a field design, since it was the students who filled in the instrument. It is highlighted as a finding in the opinion of the students that the subject has been seen in class, but due to the teacher’s methodology it is not fully understood by them. The results show that the students have a long list of difficulties mainly due to the lack of articulation of mathematical concepts in physical contexts, a situation that prevents them from analyzing the proposed statements, reasoning about the approaches, and improving in the process of searching for alternative solutions with clear arguments.

Inquiry-based learning. Beliefs of trainee teachers in a physics course

Pabon Galan, Carlos Antonio | 2022

The teaching of physics should be supported by practical or laboratory activities that seek to develop the scientific competencies of the students who study physics, so it is necessary to propose innovative strategies, such as research-based learning, in which students answer research questions through the analysis of data, which increases the interaction between the student and the physical concepts under investigation. Therefore, the objective of the study was to analyze the beliefs of teachers in natural science training at a public university in Colombia who take the subject of physics on research-based learning, to provide information on how to guide the use of innovative strategies. The study responds to a type of quantitative research with a descriptive approach and was based on a field design. On the other hand, the results reflect slightly positive beliefs of students in initial teacher training who study physics about researchbased learning as an innovative strategy, although it is recommended to expand the sample to generalize. Finally, the analysis reveals as a conclusion that the implementation of innovative methodologies such as inquiry-based learning for science teaching, especially physics, should be promoted and supported more effectively to foster motivation, skills development, and conceptual understanding. of the scientific contents.

Newton's law learning assessment: an experience with high school students

Prada Nuñez, Raul | 2022

The Force Concepts Inventory is a test to determine the level of conceptual knowledge of students about mechanical physics and to evaluate the effectiveness of different teaching strategies on the conceptual component of learning. The test is applied with the purpose of knowing the level of conceptualization of the students of a Physics subject course. The results of the pre-test made it possible to find out the level of conceptualization that the students possessed and provided information for the development of workshops based on real physical situations that required the elaboration of force diagrams. The results of the post-test allowed estimating Hake's learning and showed evidence about the conceptual evolution of the students and information to develop future teaching activities on Newton's laws.

Biomechanical analysis of grip strength in upper limb rehabilitation

Hernández Vergel, V K | 2022

This research is based on biomechanics as a science that involves concepts of engineering, mechanics, physic, anatomy, physiology, and many others, to study the human body with the desire to solve certain problems that may affect the performance of an individual in their work or personal level. This work is an investigative process in these areas of scientific and applied disciplines, in which the attention is focused on the hand as a valuable tool for the occupational performance of the human being, since through it is possible to touch, move, grasp, or manipulate objects. Injuries to this limb may be due to various causes, which require complex surgeries and long periods of rehabilitation to be reversed. This research highlights the importance of certain physical concepts that must be understood by the rehabilitation expert in order not to affect the surgery and thus guarantee the maximum functionality of the patient at the end of the recovery cycle.

Zika en la gestación. Afectación de las destrezas de ejecución y edad madurativa en infantes

Hernandez Vergel, Viviana Karina | 2022-05-24

El virus Zika se transmite por la picadura de mosquitos infectados, pero también puede ocurrir a través de una infección intrauterina antes del parto, y el virus pasa al feto. Objetivo: describir el nivel de afectación en destrezas de ejecución y edad madurativa de niños del programa Valientes del Futuro con la infección neonatal por virus Zika. Materiales y Métodos: La investigación se enmarca con enfoque cuantitativo de tipo correlacional apoyada con una investigación de campo y diseño no experimental, con una muestra de 15 infantes de 3, 4 y 5 años. La técnica de recolección utilizada fue la Escala Abreviada. Resultados: En cuanto a las áreas evaluadas con respecto a la edad madurativa se encontró que la ponderación de la destreza motora y praxis halló un coeficiente de correlación de 0,601 (moderada) y en la muestra de las destrezas de ejecución de los niños de 3 años con zika gestacional se obtuvo una correlación de 0,853 (fuerte). Discusión: la infección por virus zika en niños y niñas, adquirida durante la gestación, limita fuertemente las destrezas de ejecución propias de la edad madurativa en esta población. Conclusiones: Existe correlación entre los infantes con zika gestacional y la afectación fuerte en las acciones o comportamientos que un paciente tenga para moverse e interactuar físicamente con actividades, objetos y por ende realizar una actividad motora aprendida.

Competencia TIC de los docentes universitarios desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes

Hernandez Vergel, Viviana Karina | 2022-06-27

El nivel de competencias de los docentes en relación con el uso de las tecnologías de información y comunicación ha despertado la inquietud de investigadores en los últimos años. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo describir el nivel de competencias de Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TICS) que presentan los docentes del programa de Terapia Ocupacional de la Universidad de Santander, campus Cúcuta desde la perspectiva de sus estudiantes. La metodología fue cuantitativa de enfoque descriptivo con la aplicación de un cuestionario a estudiantes activos adscritos al Programa Académico de Terapia Ocupacional de la Facultad de Salud de la Universidad de Santander en Colombia (UDES). Los resultados demuestran que según la opinión de la mayoría de los estudiantes los profesores exhiben altos niveles de competencias TIC. Se concluye que los altos niveles de competencias TIC en el personal constituyen una fortaleza de la institución, así como la necesidad de fomentar iniciativas de participación de estudiantes en la evaluación del desempeño de los docentes como parte de estrategias de gestión participativas.

Percepciones sobre el aprendizaje social y la operatividad de un entorno virtual: un análisis en estudiantes de una Facultad de Educación

HERNANDEZ SUAREZ, CESAR AUGUSTO | 2024-02-01

Esta investigación se centra en la percepción de los estudiantes sobre la influencia de una plataforma digital en la interacción y aprendizaje social en un contexto educación híbrido en una universidad pública de Colombia. Se adopta un enfoque cuantitativo y descriptivo, mediate un estudio de campo con 131 estudiantes inscritos en una Facultad de Educación. Se utiliza un cuestionario basado en encuestas. Los resultados revelan que el 95.6% de los estudiantes accede a redes sociales, pero solo el 79.60% las emplea con fines académicos. Se evidencia que más del 50% aprecia el apoyo docente, aunque indicaron la necesidad de mejorar aspectos como la retroalimentación y el tiempo de respuesta. En cuanto a las metodologías didácticas, el 51.90% y 39.20% de los estudiantes consideran adecuados los enfoques basados en proyectos y en problemas, respectivamente. En conclusión, se destaca el papel transformador de la plataforma educativa en la experiencia educativa, promoviendo un aprendizaje colaborativo y social.

Liderazgo eficaz para la calidad educativa y la acreditación universitaria en el caribe colombiano

Rosales Yepes, Amalfi Alejandra | 2023-04-26

La investigación sobre liderazgo escolar en el contexto de la acreditación de la educación superior en el Caribe demanda del fortalecimiento del liderazgo pedagógico de los rectores de estas instituciones, para lo cual es importante el aporte de esta investigación que analiza las prácticas eficaces que han contribuido a la mejora de la calidad educativa, desde las percepciones de distintos actores, mediante un método de estudio de casos múltiples con enfoque cualitativo e interpretativo, que implicó la mirada a cuatro instituciones y un análisis en tres niveles de complejidad hasta llegar al cruce de casos. Los principales resultados indicaron que, las acciones y elementos relacionados con habilidades personales, competencias profesionales y formación pedagógica que poseen los directores, facilitan la configuración de prácticas de liderazgo eficaz. Paralelamente, son transversalizadas por el ser ético del líder en su condición humana, dándole al liderazgo un carácter moral con sentido social. Para potencializar en los líderes prácticas eficaces de liderazgo con el propósito de mejorar la calidad de la educación y la acreditación universitaria, es fundamental establecer políticas públicas contundentes que reivindique el rol actual de los rectores y garanticen su aplicabilidad desde lo institucional para poder lograr transformaciones de alto nivel.

Resiliencia en mujeres universitarias en Norte de Santander, Colombia

Vergel Ortega, Mawency | 2021-07-30

La investigación tuvo por objeto analizar la resiliencia de estudiantes de posgrados de género femenino, en universidades públicas del Norte de Santander. La investigación tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo de tipo correlacional, método analítico descriptivo, encuesta y test de resilience scale, el cual fue aplicado a 150 estudiantes con edades entre los 27 y 45 años. Como resultado se establece que la resiliencia se asocia con fortaleza de carácter. Las características de las mujeres con alto nivel de resiliencia fueron centradas en el saber vivir con categoría primaria calidad de vida, en el saber conocimiento, en saber hacer y adquirir mayor destreza en conocimientos y automotivarse para saber estar. Se concluye que la escala de resiliencia ajustada con los factores planificación y empatía presenta evidencias de validez con relación a su estructura interna y fiabilidad de 0.87.

Computational tool for learning electrostatic physics through the development of a disruptive methodology

Ramírez Carvajal, Luis Eduardo | 2022-01-05

A computational tool for learning electrostatic physics is presented through the development of a disruptive methodology. The tool allows the analysis of case studies based on Coulomb’s law, Gauss’s law, Poisson’s equation, and Laplace’s equation with boundary value. The tool was tested using reference exercises for each case study, making use of quantitative and qualitative comparative analysis between the traditional mathematical development and the computational tool. Errors were measured using Likert scale. The quantitative results showed errors of less than 1.8% in all the cases studied, concluding that the tool is effective. The qualitative results showed that the methodology allows a better development of the electrostatics learning process, dynamizing the study of complex topics such as electromagnetic physics theories through interactivity and technological resources, in addition to having a theoretical module developed using agile methodologies that provide dynamism and an intuitive environment to the interface.

Topological stereotomic structure with the use of palm rachis applying material physics to architectural design

Cadena González, I M | 2021-06-04

The use of ancestral construction techniques in wood has evolved throughout history, but consequently many species have been disappearing after indiscriminate logging; but the use of renewable materials is what is needed in the present and in the future after the global pollution and the ecological footprint of materials such as iron or concrete, so it is necessary to glimpse new building materials from a renewable approach. To this end, this research focuses on the application of physicochemistry and physics of materials to establish the feasibility of using Attalca Butyracea palm rachis as a sustainable material with a novel application in the field of architecture. For this purpose, a methodology of morphological configuration is applied that appropriates the identification of specific physical properties together with notions of geometry and topology applying the concept of topological stereotomic configuration from the operational tools and morphological actions of the Lucas Períes fold, resulting in a proposal for a topological stereotomic structure applied to the architectural design of buildings in the municipality of Pelaya, Colombia.

Physical-mathematical model to determine the structural efficiency of sections shaped as ellipses and parallelograms when used in reinforced concrete columns

MARQUEZ-PEÑARANDA, JORGE FERNANDO | 2021-06-09

Current practice of structural design of reinforced concrete columns uses mainly rectangular and circular sections. Among other reasons, this preference is linked to its ease of construction and spatial efficiency, and the historical inertia of civil works processes. Nowadays, modern design and construction techniques make possible to study the structural beahviour of sections distinctively shaped. If typical sections are extended from circular to elliptical and from rectangular to parallelogram shaped, it is possible to compute mathematical and physical parameters needed for the structural analysis. This work presents a physical–mathematical model to determine the structural efficiency in terms of relative strength and stiffness of sections shaped as ellipses and parallelograms when used in reinforced concrete columns. To solve the model, a Matlab® code for drawing the column interaction diagram of each studied section was written. Each diagram describes, in terms of mechanical physics, the relation between the uniaxial bending and the compression load that defines safety conditions as a mathematical limiting curve. The governing equation has the form P(m,g)=f(M(m,g) in which P describes the axial load strength function, M the bending moment strength function, m the material properties, and g the geometrical characteristics function. Structural efficiency has been expressed as the relative behaviour of each section with respect to comparable rectangular sections. To obtain the results of the model, a Matlab® code was written.