Mostrando ítems 41-60 de 88

Experimental evaluation of porosity, axial and radial thermal conductivity, of an adsorbent material composed by mixture of activated carbon, expanded graphite and lithium chloride

Carmona, Mauricio; Pérez, Eduar ; Palacio, Mario (Applied Thermal EngineeringReino Unido, 2019-03-05)

In this study, an adsorbent material made up of a mixture of activated carbon, expanded graphite and lithium chloride, is proposed to evaluate its thermal properties. Ratio effect between mixing components, component ...
Experimental study on a chemisorption refrigeration system prototype using expanded graphite/activated carbon/lithium chloride-ammonia working pair in a solution of 25% NH3

Carmona, Mauricio; Pérez, Eduar ; Yepes, Julian; Villalobos, Silvana (Materials Science ForumSuiza, 2019-03-04)

This paper presents the experimental results given by the operation of a chemical sorption refrigeration system using Expanded Graphite/Activated Carbon/Lithium Chloride (AC/GE/LiCl)-Adsorbent (NH3 in solution with a 25% ...
Análisis de falla por fatiga en el eje conducido de la bomba Hillman 250b MTB para el transporte de crudo

García León, Ricardo Andres; Espinel Blanco, Edwin; Pérez, Eduar (Revista Colombiana de Tecnologías de AvanzadaColombia, 2019)

El objetivo del presente estudio, está centrado en localizar las causas que originaron la falla por fatiga en el eje conductor de la bomba Hillman 250B MTB doble tornillo para el despacho de crudo. El eje tuvo fractura ...
Research evolution on renewable energies resources from 2007 to 2017: a comparative study on solar, geothermal, wind and biomass energy

Valencia, Guillermo; Núñez Alvarez, José Ricardo; Acevedo Peñaloza, Carlos Humberto (International Journal of Energy Economics and PolicyTurquía, 2019-08-20)

This article presents a bibliometric analysis of trends and the research state on the main renewable energies based on information obtained from the SCIE / SSCI database for the period 2007-2017. The analysis is aimed at ...
Brake discs: A technological review from its analysis and assessment

García León, Ricardo Andres; Florez, Eder; Suárez Quiñones, Alvaro Enrique (Informador TécnicoColombia, 2019-10-31)

Braking systems are undoubtedly the most important component for road safety, since it determines the total or partial stop of a vehicle and, therefore, guarantees the physical integrity of passengers. Normally, the front ...
Design of a mechanical seeder

Ospina-Bayona, H E; Sánchez-Torres, C C; García-León, R A; Ballesteros-Ruiz, H A; Pérez-Lozano, B C (Journal of Physics: Conference SeriesReino Unido, 2019-11-19)

In the agricultural production processes that are carried out in most of the Colombian regions, some deficiencies can be observed in the way in which the seeds are sown. This is a task that is carried out manually, generating ...
Thermo-economic assessment of a gas microturbine-absorption chiller trigeneration system under different compressor inlet air temperatures

Valencia, Guillermo; Acevedo Peñaloza, Carlos Humberto; Duarte Forero, Jorge (EnergiesSuiza, 2019-12-06)

This manuscript presents a thermo-economic analysis for a trigeneration system integrated by an absorption refrigeration chiller, a gas microturbine, and the heat recovery steam generation subsystem. The effect of the ...
Combustion and performance study of low-displacement compression ignition engines operating with Diesel–Biodiesel blends

Valencia, Guillermo; Acevedo Peñaloza, Carlos Humberto; Duarte Forero, Jorge (Applied SciencesSuiza, 2020-01-30)

This study investigated the influence of different biodiesel blends produced from residual sunflower oil and palm oil from agroindustry liquid waste on the characteristics of the combustion process, performance, and emissions ...
Influence of the firing process on water absorption and compressive strength in ceramic samples

guerrero, gustavo; Acevedo Peñaloza, Carlos Humberto; noriega sanchez , carlos javier (Journal of Physics: Conference SeriesReino Unido, 2019-11-19)

It is presents the evaluation of water absorption and compressive and flexural strength in perforated blocks manufactured in a Hoffman-type kiln of brickworks Ocaña, Colombia. Combustion gases are reused in the firing ...
CFD performance analysis for Darrieus Hydrokinetic Turbine

Rolong Ortiz, Humberto; Acevedo Peñaloza, Carlos Humberto; Valencia, Guillermo (Journal of Engineering Science and Technology ReviewGrecia, 2019-04-10)

This work proposes the analysis of the behavior of a Darrieus type hydrokinetic turbine, starting from the mathematical model that allows to delimit the operation system, linking all the variables present in the phenomenon, ...
Thermal analysis of the heat exchanger used in a regenerative Brayton cycle under real working conditions

Acevedo Peñaloza, Carlos Humberto; Valencia, Guillermo; Duarte Forero, Jorge (International Review on Modelling and SimulationsItalia, 2019-12)

The quality of the energy transformation processes focuses on improving the energy efficiency of the components used in a thermodynamic cycle with the aim to upgrade the application of the resources needed to produce energy ...
Universidad inteligente: Mapa estratégico desde la adopción de tecnología

Rico-Bautista, Dewar ; Medina-Cárdenas, Yurley; CORONEL ROJAS, LUIS ANDERSON; Cuesta Quintero, Fabian Ranulfo; Barrientos Avendaño, Edwin; García León, Ricardo Andres; Maestre-Gongora, Gina (RISTI - Revista Ibérica de Sistemas e Tecnologías de InformaçãoPortugal, 2020-04)

Se contextualiza desde el Internet de las Cosas y su vital importancia para el concepto emergente de universidad inteligente. El propósito de este documento es presentar una propuesta de mapa estratégico a partir del ...
A Semi-Physical Modeling of the Combustion Chamber and Inlet Manifold of a 2 MW Natural Gas Generation Engine

Valencia Ochoa, Guillermo; Duarte Forero, Jorge; Acevedo Peñaloza, Carlos Humberto (International Review on Modelling and SimulationsItalia, 2020-02)

This article presents a sensitivity analysis based on a validated model of average value in natural gas generation engines under the phenomenologically based semi-physical modeling methodology, which includes both the ...
Caracterización de la tasa de liberación de calor en los cilindros de un motor de generación a gas natural de 2 MW

Valencia-Ochoa, Guillermo; Duarte Forero, Jorge; Acevedo Peñaloza, Carlos Humberto (AiBi Revista de Investigación, Administración e IngenieríaColombia, 2020-01-01)

Desarrollar modelos matemáticos para los motores de generación de energía más confiables que permitan proponer un uso eficiente de los combustibles y aumentar la eficiencia de conversión energética, ...
Shaft pump power - effect of pipe network configuration

Obregon, Luis; Espinel Blanco, Edwin; Acevedo Peñaloza, Carlos Humberto (International Journal on Energy ConversionItalia, 2020-05)

Building design has often many engineering challenges to achieve the best possible energy and economic efficiencies. It is necessary to use technological tools capable of predicting with a high degree of accuracy the ...
Desarrollo de una metodología para la predicción de curvas características en bombas periféricas

Valencia-Ochoa, Guillermo; Acevedo Peñaloza, Carlos Humberto; Duarte Forero, Jorge (AiBi Revista de Investigación, Administración e IngenieríaColombia, 2020-05-01)

Las bombas rotodinámicas han presentado un desarrollo muy notable en los últimos años; debido a esto, su implementación se ha diversificado ampliamente en aplicaciones industriales y domiciliarias. La modificación de los ...
Implementation of the ISO 50001 standard to sustainable energy and economic saving the industrial sector

Valencia, Guillermo; Rodriguez Rodriguez, Katherin; Torregroza, Gloria; Acevedo Peñaloza, Carlos Humberto; Duarte Forero, Jorge (Scientia et TechnicaColombia, 2020-06-30)

Given the growth in energy demand, the limited energy resources, and the high environmental impact of energy generation from fossil fuels, it is vital to find methods to obtain save energy ...
Evaluation of the drinking water treatment system (STAP) San Fernando –Los Patios urbanization, Colombia. Efficiency and quality

castrillon jaimes, yusbely cecilia; Acevedo Peñaloza, Carlos Humberto; Rojas Suárez, Jhan Piero (Revista UIS IngenieríasColombia, 2020-08-26)

The quality of water for human consumption in the municipality of Los Patios in Colombia, depends 60% of the treatment systems for drinking water (STAP) independent, these are adapted according to the ...
Experimental evaluation of the mechanical degradation of HPAM polymeric solutions used in enhanced oil recovery

Maya, Gustavo; Herrera Quintero, Julia Jineth ; Castro Garcia, Ruben Hernan; QUINTERO, HENDERSON; Prada, Luis; Maldonado Manrique, Laura Yedxenia; Pérez, Eduar ; Barbosa Trillos, Dalje Sunith (CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología & FuturoColombia, 2020-12-17)

With the design of experiments (DoE), this study analyses the influence of physical (capillary diameter and pressure drop) and chemical variables (salinity, polymer concentration, and molecular weight) on the mechanical ...
CFD simulation of HPAM EOR solutions mechanical degradation by restrictions in turbulent flow

Herrera Quintero, Julia Jineth ; Prada, Luis; Maya, Gustavo; VERGEL, JOSE; Castro Garcia, Ruben Hernan; QUINTERO, HENDERSON; Jiménez, Robinson; Pérez, Eduar (CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y FuturoColombia, 2020-12-17)

Polymer flooding is a widely used enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology. The purpose of the polymer is to increase water viscosity to improve reservoir sweep efficiency. However, mechanical elements of the polymer injection ...

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Experimental evaluation of porosity, axial and radial thermal conductivity, of an adsorbent material composed by mixture of activated carbon, expanded graphite and lithium chloride
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Carmona, Mauricio | 2019-03-05

In this study, an adsorbent material made up of a mixture of activated carbon, expanded graphite and lithium chloride, is proposed to evaluate its thermal properties. Ratio effect between mixing components, component particle size, and compaction pressure on porosity and thermal conductivity of composite material was experimentally evaluated. Axial and radial thermal conductivity were evaluated by ASTM C177-13 standard using the hot plate and hot wire method for the respective axial and radial conductivities. Experimental results indicate that the highest porosity reaches 0.78 and is produced with a 70% mixing ratio of activated carbon mass, 10% of LiCl mass, and 20% of expanded graphite mass. With the levels used in experimental design, axial and radial thermal conductivity obtain maximum values of 51.2 W/m K and 11.9 W/m K, respectively. After optimization process based on design of experiments for mixtures, axial and radial conductivity reach their highest values of 76.5 W/m K and 13.8 W/m K, respectively, when mixture is elaborated with a proportion of 30% activated carbon, 40% expanded graphite and 30% Lithium Chloride. This study shows that conductivity results do not vary significantly due to tests temperature.

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Experimental study on a chemisorption refrigeration system prototype using expanded graphite/activated carbon/lithium chloride-ammonia working pair in a solution of 25% NH3
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Carmona, Mauricio | 2019-03-04

This paper presents the experimental results given by the operation of a chemical sorption refrigeration system using Expanded Graphite/Activated Carbon/Lithium Chloride (AC/GE/LiCl)-Adsorbent (NH3 in solution with a 25% concentration). Experimental protocol with the characteristics of the experimental rig developed, working pair specifications and the procedure that has developed in the process is described in detail. Results are presented for different behaviors of the system, where the desorption stage is driven by forced convection. Measurements of the thermal variables of the system show that the adsorption-desorption cycles in the test accomplished, with high and low-pressure zones clearly defined. The cooling effects for the pair material studied have the expected behavior for the mixture proposed.

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Análisis de falla por fatiga en el eje conducido de la bomba Hillman 250b MTB para el transporte de crudo
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García León, Ricardo Andres | 2019

El objetivo del presente estudio, está centrado en localizar las causas que originaron la falla por fatiga en el eje conductor de la bomba Hillman 250B MTB doble tornillo para el despacho de crudo. El eje tuvo fractura en el cuñero cerca de la zona de cambio de sección debido a malos procedimientos ingenieriles sin tener en cuenta los cálculos de diseño. Por esta razón, se realizó un análisis de causa raíz con el cual se demostró que el cuñero estaba mal diseñado, y de esta manera poder establecer las variables que influyeron en la falla. Luego de obtener esta información, se procedió a realizar el análisis del diseño óptimo del cuñero, igualmente el rediseño del concentrador de esfuerzo para evitar futuras fallas, mediante un análisis de fatiga, fuerzas pares y diagramas de esfuerzos cortante para materiales dúctiles del cual estaba fabricado, con lo que se determinó la vida del eje. Además, se efectuó el modelamiento por medio de elementos finitos para determinar el estado de los esfuerzos. Asimismo con los resultados obtenidos poder presentar los planes de acción para evitar futuras fallas tempranas en los sistemas de bombeo principales para el despacho de crudo en las empresas del sector petrolero.

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Research evolution on renewable energies resources from 2007 to 2017: a comparative study on solar, geothermal, wind and biomass energy
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Valencia, Guillermo | 2019-08-20

This article presents a bibliometric analysis of trends and the research state on the main renewable energies based on information obtained from the SCIE / SSCI database for the period 2007-2017. The analysis is aimed at solar energy, geothermal energy, wind energy and biomass energy source. The results generated from the bibliometric techniques used allowed to obtain the behavior of the publications production and the influence that different countries and universities have on this subject. From the 10,363 publications, the 87.5% are journal articles and the 98% are in English language. In addition, 49.03% of the publications corresponded to solar energy, 33.83% to wind energy, 12.77% to biomass and 4.37% to geothermal energy. In the ten years analyzed, the United States has been the most influential country in this research area, presenting the largest volume of publications in each of the renewable energies source studied. The results of this paper provide to energy researchers a relevant overview of the tendencies and scope of the main renewable energies worldwide. In addition, to support scientific decision and prospective investment in research center, relevant data are presented on the countries producing these renewable energies and their relationship with the production of publications.

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Brake discs: A technological review from its analysis and assessment
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García León, Ricardo Andres | 2019-10-31

Braking systems are undoubtedly the most important component for road safety, since it determines the total or partial stop of a vehicle and, therefore, guarantees the physical integrity of passengers. Normally, the front brake discs and the remaining percentage absorb 70% of the kinetic energy produced within a vehicle by the rear brake discs, which tend to have the formof a drum brake. These systems benefit from friction to stop a moving vehicle, under the umbrella of hydraulic pressure that pushes the brake pads against the iron-cast disk. In this document, concepts of famous authors around the world on analysis and evaluation of brake discs are provided, which are carried out using a descriptive methodology and an estimation of the characteristics of the brake disc. The review is carried out in computer assisted design through several existing CAD software in the industry, as the main methodology applied to the development of certain research projects, where different geometric characteristics of the brake discs are considered, as well as problems related to wear and corrosion. This research project has shown that it is vital to incorporate existing computer assisted design software to predict performance, improve components and optimize the functionality of the brake system. In this way, road traffic safety and systems efficiency are achieved, which are a matter of great importance for the industry. It is vital to analyze brake systems through Finite Element Analysis (FEA), with the intention of achieving a broader vision of its performance, since the information collected reveals that the geometric characteristics of the brake and cooling ducts influence the heat dissipation. It depends on the form, the type of material and the application, the heat generated between the pad and the brake. Therefore, the heat is dissipated rapidly according to the analysis performed mathematically by the researchers, which are compared with the made in computer assisted design software.

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Design of a mechanical seeder
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Ospina-Bayona, H E | 2019-11-19

In the agricultural production processes that are carried out in most of the Colombian regions, some deficiencies can be observed in the way in which the seeds are sown. This is a task that is carried out manually, generating physical problems in the workers due to the enormous effort that they must make, in addition to the precariousness in how these works are carried out. The long periods that are involved in sowing greatly hinder its efficiency, something that directly affects the economy of the farmers. The purpose of this work is to design a mechanical seeder that facilitates the work of the operators by eliminating the manual operation of it and equipping them with equipment that performs the furrows in the ground and at the same time sows the seed. The results obtained corroborate that there is an adequate structural design, which will support the forces to which the machine will be subjected. In this way, it will be possible to contribute to the improvement of the sowing conditions of the farmers of the region. This design takes into account the number of seeds sown per hectare, which is about 20 kg. These data were obtained from farmers belonging to the Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander seccional Ocaña. Additionally, maximum deformation analysis was performed on the chassis, obtaining values of 1.791×10−4 m, as well as structural analysis using the Solidworks drawing tool.

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Thermo-economic assessment of a gas microturbine-absorption chiller trigeneration system under different compressor inlet air temperatures
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Valencia, Guillermo | 2019-12-06

This manuscript presents a thermo-economic analysis for a trigeneration system integrated by an absorption refrigeration chiller, a gas microturbine, and the heat recovery steam generation subsystem. The effect of the compressor inlet air temperature on the thermo-economic performance of the trigeneration system was studied and analyzed in detail based on a validated model. Then, we determined the critical operating conditions for which the trigeneration system presents the greatest exergy destruction, producing an increase in the costs associated with loss of exergy, relative costs, and operation and maintenance costs. The results also show that the combustion chamber of the gas microturbine is the component with the greatest exergy destruction (29.24%), followed by the generator of the absorption refrigeration chiller (26.25%). In addition, the compressor inlet air temperature increases from 305.15 K to 315.15 K, causing a decrease in the relative cost difference of the evaporator (21.63%). Likewise, the exergo-economic factor in the heat exchanger and generator presented an increase of 6.53% and 2.84%, respectively.

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Combustion and performance study of low-displacement compression ignition engines operating with Diesel–Biodiesel blends
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Valencia, Guillermo | 2020-01-30

This study investigated the influence of different biodiesel blends produced from residual sunflower oil and palm oil from agroindustry liquid waste on the characteristics of the combustion process, performance, and emissions in a single-cylinder diesel engine. For the analysis of the combustion process, a diagnostic model was developed based on the cylinder pressure signal, which allows the calculation of the heat release rate, the accumulated heat rate, and the temperature in the combustion chamber. This is to assess the influence of these parameters on engine emissions. The experiments on the diesel engine were carried out using five types of fuel: conventional diesel, two biodiesel blends of residual palm oil (PB5 and PB10), and two biodiesel blends formed with palm oil and sunflower oil residues (PB5SB5 and PB10SB5). The engine was running in four different modes, which covered its entire operating area. Experimental results show that the in-cylinder pressure curves decrease as the percentage of biodiesel in the fuel increases. Similarly, the results showed a decrease in the heat release rate for biodiesel blends. The diagrams of the accumulated heat release curves were larger for fuels with higher biodiesel content. This effect is reflected in the thermal efficiency of biodiesel blends since the maximum thermal efficiencies were 29.4%, 30%, 30.6%, 31.2%, and 31.8% for PB10SB5, PB5SB5, PB10, PB5, and diesel, respectively. The emission analysis showed that the blends of biodiesel PB5SB5 and PB10SB allowed a greater reduction in the emissions of CO, CO2, HC, and opacity of smoke in all the modes of operation tested, in comparison with the blends of biodiesel PB5 and PB10. However, NOx emissions increased. In general, biodiesel with the percentage of residual sunflower oil does not cause a significant change in the combustion process and engine performance, when compared to biodiesel that includes only residual palm oil.

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Influence of the firing process on water absorption and compressive strength in ceramic samples
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guerrero, gustavo | 2019-11-19

It is presents the evaluation of water absorption and compressive and flexural strength in perforated blocks manufactured in a Hoffman-type kiln of brickworks Ocaña, Colombia. Combustion gases are reused in the firing process and the samples are directly exposed to fire. Standardized non-destructive quality control tests such as dimensional, initial absorption rate and 24-hour immersion, and destructive tests such as compressive strength and modulus of rupture were performed. The firing process with higher fire exposure on the samples showed values of compressive and flexural strength and water absorption percentage according to current regulations. The samples comply with the values established in the standard and allow their use as non-structural masonry products for interior or exterior use.

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CFD performance analysis for Darrieus Hydrokinetic Turbine
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Rolong Ortiz, Humberto | 2019-04-10

This work proposes the analysis of the behavior of a Darrieus type hydrokinetic turbine, starting from the mathematical model that allows to delimit the operation system, linking all the variables present in the phenomenon, specifically the fluid properties such as density, velocity, viscosity and Reynolds number. Also considered are the geometric data of the profiles, the rope length, cross-sectional area, angle of attack of the impeller, type of profile used and speed of rotation. The initial domain data, the flow area and the boundary conditions are selected to solve the model and thus obtain the data of the individual behavior of the selected profiles. For this, the lift and drag curves are obtained over a wide range of angles of attack. After characterizing the profile, the behavior of the impeller is simulated, calculating its power coefficient and consequently its performance.

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Thermal analysis of the heat exchanger used in a regenerative Brayton cycle under real working conditions
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Acevedo Peñaloza, Carlos Humberto | 2019-12

The quality of the energy transformation processes focuses on improving the energy efficiency of the components used in a thermodynamic cycle with the aim to upgrade the application of the resources needed to produce energy in power generation plants. Due to the great importance of thermal analysis in the kinetic energy transformation of a fluid into electrical energy through combined Rankie cycles applied on industrial processes, this paper proposes an energetic and exergetic analysis of a heat exchanger used as a steam surface condenser with the aim to reduce the fuel consumption used by a steam turbine and to establish parameters that define the performance of the shell and tube heat exchanger using computational tools of thermal analysis. An experimental model has been used to validate the numerical analysis developed in a virtual environment. MATLAB software has been used as a numerical tool to develop the matrix manipulations written in .m code that define the thermal analysis of the equations that describe the behavior of the combined regenerative Rankine cycle power plant. Numerical data generated in the numerical model with MATLAB has been compared with the experimental model of the steam surface condenser. A good agreement has been reached between the CFD analysis and the experimental model of the steam surface condenser.

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Universidad inteligente: Mapa estratégico desde la adopción de tecnología
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Rico-Bautista, Dewar | 2020-04

Se contextualiza desde el Internet de las Cosas y su vital importancia para el concepto emergente de universidad inteligente. El propósito de este documento es presentar una propuesta de mapa estratégico a partir del análisis de la bibliografía alrededor del concepto de universidad inteligente. A medida que madure la tecnología; campus y universidades inteligentes deberán ampliarse a los ámbitos tales como la gestión. Se hace énfasis en el rol de la tecnología, como un elemento fundamental en la concepción e implementación de proyectos, iniciativas y mapas estratégicos que inciden en el desarrollo exitoso de las universidades.

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A Semi-Physical Modeling of the Combustion Chamber and Inlet Manifold of a 2 MW Natural Gas Generation Engine
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Valencia Ochoa, Guillermo | 2020-02

This article presents a sensitivity analysis based on a validated model of average value in natural gas generation engines under the phenomenologically based semi-physical modeling methodology, which includes both the cylinder, exhaust, and intake manifold and it can define the average operational variables and thermochemical properties of exhaust gases as a function of the variables instrumented in this type of engine at the industrial level. The results for a month of operation showed errors no greater than 5% in the temperature at the entrance of the cylinders (Temperature 6), while the power, load temperature and load pressure of the model presented deviations of less than 2% from the measured data. Additionally, the results of the sensitivity analysis evidenced that the main variable affecting most of the parameters under study is the flow of gas entering the engine, which causes a variation of 12.3% in Temperature 6, and 22.4% in electrical power. Next, the second most influential variable is Lambda, significantly affecting the efficiency by 8%. Finally, there is the RPM of the engine in its work cycle, which affects the temperature of the cylinder outlet by 34.5%. This means that when the flow of fuel in the engine decreases, there will be significant operational changes in the engine, and therefore in the thermal availability of exhaust gases.

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Caracterización de la tasa de liberación de calor en los cilindros de un motor de generación a gas natural de 2 MW
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Valencia-Ochoa, Guillermo | 2020-01-01

Desarrollar modelos matemáticos para los motores de generación de energía más confiables que permitan proponer un uso eficiente de los combustibles y aumentar la eficiencia de conversión energética, se ha convertido en uno de los principales objetivos de los trabajos de investigación en el área. Con el fin de estudiar el fenómeno liberación de calor en los cilindros de un motor a gas natural J612 Jenbacher de 2 MW a partir de variables medias disponibles enregistros operacionales, se ha propuesto un modelo semifísico a partir de balances de masa, energía, ecuaciones constitutivas y regresiones estadísticas. Los resultados muestran que a partir del modelo propuesto del calor rechazado con un coeficiente de determinación de 0.99, el permiten alcanzar un error relativo máximo de 2% en modo isla y del 4% operando en red para la estimación de la temperatura de los gases a las salidas de los cilindros. Así mismo, el modelo permite determinar la fracción de calor perdido en los cilindros en función de la energía aportada por el gas natural.

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Shaft pump power - effect of pipe network configuration
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Obregon, Luis | 2020-05

Building design has often many engineering challenges to achieve the best possible energy and economic efficiencies. It is necessary to use technological tools capable of predicting with a high degree of accuracy the behavior of a pipe network system in order to obtain good designs that avoid problems in the future. This study is focused on the analysis of three pipe networks with different floors and the same configuration on each level. Four case studies have been developed in order to analyze the energy requirements and the outlet pressure of a pump for multiple pipe diameters, various floors, and fluid flow rates. The effects of the pipe diameter and the flow rate on the energy cost have been also analyzed. It has been observed that an increase in the flow rate in a pipeline of one inch of diameter causes a huge increase in the pump power when working on the net with a single floor. In addition, it has been found out that the higher the number of the floors is, the higher the pump powder is. However, this effect has not been significant when using pipelines with high diameters. Besides, it has been found out that the higher the number of the floors is, the higher the pressure drop in the system is. This effect is highly significant when using pipelines with small diameters. The total pump power cost had an exponential decay with the increase in pipe diameter.

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Desarrollo de una metodología para la predicción de curvas características en bombas periféricas
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Valencia-Ochoa, Guillermo | 2020-05-01

Las bombas rotodinámicas han presentado un desarrollo muy notable en los últimos años; debido a esto, su implementación se ha diversificado ampliamente en aplicaciones industriales y domiciliarias. La modificación de los parámetros de operación que definen las características de la bomba regenerativa afecta directamente su eficiencia. Por otro lado, las curvas características que determinan el comportamiento hidráulico de una bomba son utilizadas para definir el punto de operación y escoger una bomba adecuada para las condiciones de funcionamiento de un sistema hidráulico. En este artículo, se presenta una metodología para ajustar la curva teórica de una bomba rotodinámica periférica utilizando factores que influyen en su desempeño considerando que limitaciones físicas que se presentan durante su operación afectan la precisión en la descripción del fenómeno. La ecuación de Euler es utilizada para determinar un conjunto de correlaciones que describen el comportamiento real de la bomba periférica tomando en cuenta la velocidad absoluta del alabe y la componente periférica de la velocidad del fluido que interactúa con el rodete; luego, los datos generados son utilizados para comparar la ecuación de la velocidad del flujo definida con la caracterización geométrica de una bomba regenerativa disponible en el mercado. Por último, se desarrolló una modificación en la ecuación teórica de Euler para predecir la curva real de la bomba regenerativa alcanzando un porcentaje de error menor al 5%.

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Implementation of the ISO 50001 standard to sustainable energy and economic saving the industrial sector
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Valencia, Guillermo | 2020-06-30

Given the growth in energy demand, the limited energy resources, and the high environmental impact of energy generation from fossil fuels, it is vital to find methods to obtain save energy costs in differentsectors, such as residential, industrial,transportation sector, and domestic. This paper presents a methodology that allows the implementation of an energy management system following the guidelines of the ISO 50001 standard. Agap analysis was performed to determine the position of the organization with respect to the requirements ofthe standard,andthe next step was the inspection of the plant to find opportunities for improvement that would lead to energy optimization. From the results, six equipmentwasthe cause of the 82% of the energy consumption in the production process, and some recommendation was proposed with the aim to optimize energy consumption. A methodology is proposed for the standard implementation, which can be implemented by different organizations from different fields to achievesavings in energy costs in the plant.Some relevant actions to improve the energy performance of the plant were proposed, such as the optimization of the compressed airsystem,the reduction ofpotential numbers of leakage, and the reduction ofthe working pressure of the system.

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Evaluation of the drinking water treatment system (STAP) San Fernando –Los Patios urbanization, Colombia. Efficiency and quality
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castrillon jaimes, yusbely cecilia | 2020-08-26

The quality of water for human consumption in the municipality of Los Patios in Colombia, depends 60% of the treatment systems for drinking water (STAP) independent, these are adapted according to the population that conforms in 2014 and own resources. Urbanization San Fernando carries out the treatment in an efficient way guaranteeing the quality of water for human consumption, therefore, the field study is based on a quantitative approach and a method that describes the results of the analysis of the samples taken at the entrance and exit of the STAP, to evaluate the efficiency and quality of the system the sample is characterized from the analysis of the physical-chemical and microbiological parameters at the entrance and exit of the system in the Water Laboratory of the Universidad Francisco de Paula de Santander. The physical and microbiological results identify the efficiency of the system and the operator, indicating the quality of the water by the values in the parameters measured according to Decree 1575 of 2007 and 1525 of 2007 by the Ministry of Social Protection in Colombia. The chemical analyses detected a high percentage of calcium hardness in the sample at the system outlet, which is reportedto the directors of the urbanization. In accordance with this, the relevant controls and monitoring are carried out in the process for the purification and consumption of water, without neglecting the habits of water storage by the community in each home.

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Experimental evaluation of the mechanical degradation of HPAM polymeric solutions used in enhanced oil recovery
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Maya, Gustavo | 2020-12-17

With the design of experiments (DoE), this study analyses the influence of physical (capillary diameter and pressure drop) and chemical variables (salinity, polymer concentration, and molecular weight) on the mechanical degradation of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide-type polymer solutions (HPAM) used in enhanced oil recovery processes. Initially, with the help of a fractional factorial design (2k-p), the variables with the most significant influence on the polymer's mechanical degradation were found. The experimental results of the screening demonstrate that the factors that statistically influence the mechanical degradation are the molecular weight, the diameter of the capillary, and the pressure differential. Subsequently, a regression model was developed to estimate the degradation percentages of HPAM polymer solutions as a function of the significant factors influencing the mechanical degradation of polymer solutions. This model had a 97.85% fit for the predicted values under the experimental conditions. Likewise, through the optimization developed by the Box Behnken response surface methodology, it was determined that the pressure differential was the most influential factor. This variable was followed by the capillary diameter, where less than 50% degradation rates are obtained with low polymer molecular weight (6.5 MDa), pressure differentials less than 500 psi, and diameters of the capillary greater than 0.125 inches.

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CFD simulation of HPAM EOR solutions mechanical degradation by restrictions in turbulent flow
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Herrera Quintero, Julia Jineth | 2020-12-17

Polymer flooding is a widely used enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology. The purpose of the polymer is to increase water viscosity to improve reservoir sweep efficiency. However, mechanical elements of the polymer injection facilities may impact the viscosity of the polymer negatively, decreasing it drastically. Mechanical degradation of the polymer occurs in case of flow restrictions with abrupt diameter changes in valves and control systems. Such flow restrictions may induce mechanical stresses along the polymer chain, which can result in its rupture. In this research, physical experiments and numerical simulations using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) were used to propose a model for estimating the mechanical degradation for the flow of polymer solutions. This technique involves the calculation of velocity gradients, pressure drawdown, and polymer degradation of the fluid through geometry restriction. The simulations were validated through polymer injection experiments. The results show that with the greater volumetric flow and lower effective diameters, there is more mechanical degradation due to polymer shearing; nonetheless, this depends on the rheology properties inherent in each polymer in an aqueous solution. This method is suitable to estimate the mechanical degradation of the polymer solution in flooding facilities and accessories. Further, the results obtained could enhance the use of the polymer, calculating its actual mechanical degradation, minimizing it, or using it to support the development of new accessories.

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