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Effect of uterine size on fertility of lactating dairy cows

Baez, Giovanni; Barletta, Rafael Villela; Guenther, Jerry N.; Wiltbank, Milo Charles (TheriogenologyEstados Unidos, 2016-05)

There are multiple reasons for reduced fertility in lactating dairy cows. We hypothesized that one cause of reduced fertility could be the overall size of the reproductive tract, particularly the uterus, given well-established ...
Pivotal periods for pregnancy loss during the first trimester of gestation in lactating dairy cows

Wiltbank, Milo Charles; Baez, Giovanni; Garcia Guerra, Alvaro; Toledo, Mateus Zucato; Monteiro, Pedro Leopoldo J.; Melo, Leonardo F; Ochoa, Julian C.; Santos, José Eduardo; Sartori, Roberto (TheriogenologyEstados Unidos, 2016-04-22)

Loss of pregnancy can occur at many different stages of gestation and for a variety of causes but clearly produces a negative impact for reproductive and economic performances of dairy herds. This review describes four ...
Proposal of a new model for CL regression or maintenance during pregnancy on the basis of timing of regression of contralateral, accessory CL in pregnant cows

Baez, Giovanni; Trevisol, Eduardo; Barletta, Rafael Villela; Cardoso, Beatriz Oliveira; RICCI, ALESSANDRO; Guenther, Jerry N.; Cummings, Nicole E.; Wiltbank, Milo Charles (TheriogenologyEstados Unidos, 2017-02)

In bovine pregnancy, regression or maintenance of the corpus luteum (CL) is mediated through local communication pathways between embryo, uterus, and ovary with Days 16 to 25 of pregnancy generally recognized as the pivotal ...

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Effect of uterine size on fertility of lactating dairy cows
...
Baez, Giovanni | 2016-05

There are multiple reasons for reduced fertility in lactating dairy cows. We hypothesized that one cause of reduced fertility could be the overall size of the reproductive tract, particularly the uterus, given well-established uterine functions in many aspects of the reproductive process. Thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the variability in uterine size in primiparous and multiparous dairy cows and to analyze whether there was an association between uterine size and fertility, particularly within a given parity. Lactating Holstein dairy cows (n = 704) were synchronized to receive timed artificial insemination (TAI) on Day 81 ± 3 of lactation by using the Double-Ovsynch protocol (GnRH-7d-PGF-3d-GnRH-7d-GnRH-7d-PGF-56h-GnRH-16h-TAI). At the time of the last injection of PGF, uterine diameter was determined at the greater curvature using ultrasound, uterine length was determined by rectal palpation, and uterine volume was calculated from these two measurements. Blood samples were also taken to measure progesterone to assure synchronization of all cows used in the final analysis (n = 616; primiparous, n = 289; multiparous, n = 327). Primiparous cows had greater percentage pregnant/AI (P/AI) compared to multiparous cows (49.8% vs. 39.1% at 67 days of pregnancy diagnosis, P = 0.009). Diameter, length, and volume of the uterus were larger in multiparous than in primiparous cows (P < 0.001). For multiparous cows, uterine diameter and volume were smaller in cows that became pregnant compared to cows that were not pregnant to the TAI with a similar tendency observed in primiparous cows. Logistic regression and quartile analysis also showed that as uterine volume increased, there was decreased P/AI in either primiparous or multiparous cows. Thus, there is a negative association between uterine size and fertility in lactating dairy cows with a larger uterus associated with reduced fertility, particularly for multiparous cows.

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Pivotal periods for pregnancy loss during the first trimester of gestation in lactating dairy cows
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Wiltbank, Milo Charles | 2016-04-22

Loss of pregnancy can occur at many different stages of gestation and for a variety of causes but clearly produces a negative impact for reproductive and economic performances of dairy herds. This review describes four pivotal periods for pregnancy loss during the first trimester of gestation and discusses possible causes for pregnancy failure during these periods. The first period occurs during the first week after breeding with lack of fertilization and death of the early embryo producing major losses in pregnancy, particularly under specific environmental and hormonal conditions. In general, 20%–50% of high-producing lactating dairy cows have already experienced pregnancy loss during the first week of gestation with methods to decrease pregnancy loss during this period targeting improved oocyte quality by alleviating heat stress, inflammatory diseases, and body condition loss, and by increasing progesterone concentrations during preovulatory follicle development. The second pivotal period, from Days 8 to 27, encompasses embryo elongation and the classical “maternal recognition of pregnancy” period with losses averaging ∼30% but with surprising variation between farms (25%–41%). Maintenance of the CL of pregnancy is produced by the embryonic signal interferon-tau and alteration in uterine secretory patterns of prostaglandins F2α, E1, and E2. Failures or delays in trophoblast elongation and/or embryonic development result in loss of pregnancy during the second pivotal period possibly due to suboptimal histotroph. The third pivotal period is during the second month of pregnancy, Days 28 to 60, with losses of ∼12% based on a summary of published results from more than 20,000 pregnancies in high-producing dairy cows. Delays or defects in development of the chorioallantoic placentomes or embryo result in CL regression or embryo death during this pivotal period. Finally, a fourth period during the third month of pregnancy has reduced pregnancy losses (∼2%), compared with the first three periods but can be elevated in some cows, particularly in those carrying twins in the same uterine horn. Thus, there are varied causes for pregnancy losses during each pivotal period that correspond to key physiological changes in the embryo, uterine environment, and ovary. Similarly, strategies to reduce these losses are likely to require a multifaceted approach using rational methods that target the critical physiology in each pivotal period.

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Proposal of a new model for CL regression or maintenance during pregnancy on the basis of timing of regression of contralateral, accessory CL in pregnant cows
...
Baez, Giovanni | 2017-02

In bovine pregnancy, regression or maintenance of the corpus luteum (CL) is mediated through local communication pathways between embryo, uterus, and ovary with Days 16 to 25 of pregnancy generally recognized as the pivotal period determining either luteolysis or prevention of luteolysis. To evaluate this concept, accessory CL was generated by treating Holstein lactating dairy cows (n = 718) with GnRH on Day 5 of the first follicular wave to produce an accessory CL on the ovary either contralateral or ipsilateral to the gravid horn. In pregnant cows, 66.2% (86/130) of contralateral CL regressed by Day 75 of pregnancy, whereas few ipsilateral accessory CL regressed (11.9%; 8/67), on the basis of similar criteria (P < 0.0001). As hypothesized, some contralateral CL regressions (22/86 = 25.6%) happened on Days 19 to 25 of pregnancy. However, most contralateral CL regressions (64/86 = 74.4%) happened later than expected, from Days 33 to 60 of pregnancy. Later contralateral CL regression was more common in primiparous (84.3%) than multiparous (60.0%; P = 0.02) cows. Early accessory contralateral CL regression (Days 19–25) may be related to lack of exposure of the contralateral horn to interferon tau from the elongating embryo because pregnant cows without early accessory CL regression had a smaller uterine volume than nonpregnant cows or pregnant cows that had early accessory CL regression (128.4 ± 3.9 vs. 147.0 ± 3.8 vs. 143.6 ± 10.9 mm3, respectively; P = 0.003). These results indicate that there is a second distinct period for CL protection during bovine pregnancy from Days 30 to 60 and implicate local and not systemic pathways in occurrence or prevention of luteolysis during both the early (≤25 days) and later (≥33 days) critical periods since accessory contralateral CL regressed whereas the accessory ipsilateral CL of pregnancy remained.

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Browsing by Author "Wiltbank, Milo Charles"

Effect of uterine size on fertility of lactating dairy cows

Pivotal periods for pregnancy loss during the first trimester of gestation in lactating dairy cows

Proposal of a new model for CL regression or maintenance during pregnancy on the basis of timing of regression of contralateral, accessory CL in pregnant cows

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Effect of uterine size on fertility of lactating dairy cows

Pivotal periods for pregnancy loss during the first trimester of gestation in lactating dairy cows

Proposal of a new model for CL regression or maintenance during pregnancy on the basis of timing of regression of contralateral, accessory CL in pregnant cows

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Browsing by Author "Wiltbank, Milo Charles"

Effect of uterine size on fertility of lactating dairy cows ﻿

Pivotal periods for pregnancy loss during the first trimester of gestation in lactating dairy cows ﻿

Proposal of a new model for CL regression or maintenance during pregnancy on the basis of timing of regression of contralateral, accessory CL in pregnant cows ﻿

Envíos recientes

Effect of uterine size on fertility of lactating dairy cows

Pivotal periods for pregnancy loss during the first trimester of gestation in lactating dairy cows

Proposal of a new model for CL regression or maintenance during pregnancy on the basis of timing of regression of contralateral, accessory CL in pregnant cows

Portales Institucionales

Effect of uterine size on fertility of lactating dairy cows

Pivotal periods for pregnancy loss during the first trimester of gestation in lactating dairy cows

Proposal of a new model for CL regression or maintenance during pregnancy on the basis of timing of regression of contralateral, accessory CL in pregnant cows