Mostrando ítems 1-20 de 42

Advanced Oxidation Processes and Biotechnological Alternatives for the Treatment of Tannery Wastewater

Urbina-Suarez, Nestor Andres; Machuca-Martinez, Fiderman; Barajas Solano, andres F (Molecules, 2021-05-27)

The tannery industry is one of the economic sectors that contributes to the development of different countries. Globally, Europe and Asia are the main producers of this industry, although Latin America and Africa have been ...
Algalcolor: bio-platform for the sustainable production of cyanobacterial-based colours and fine chemicals

Barajas Solano, andres F (Universidad Francisco de Paula SantanderCúcuta, 2021)

Las cianobacterias son consideradas como una de las nuevas fuentes biotecnológicas sostenible de varias materias primas para la industria farmacéutica, alimentaria, clínica y energética mundial. Dentro de estos metabolitos, ...
The Application of Catalytic Processes on the Production of Algae-Based Biofuels: A Review

ZUORRO, Antonio; García-Martinez, Janet; Barajas Solano, andres F (Catalysts, 2020-12-28)

Over the last decades, microalgal biomass has gained a significant role in the development of different high-end (nutraceuticals, colorants, food supplements, and pharmaceuticals) and lowend products (biodiesel, bioethanol, ...
Application of Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. in the Bioconversion of Urban Leachates into Industrially Relevant Metabolites

Ortiz Betancur, Jeimy J.; Herrera Ochoa, Marla S.; García Martínez, Janet B.; Urbina-Suarez, Nestor Andres; López Barrera, Germán L.; Barajas Solano, andres F; Bryan, Samantha; ZUORRO, Antonio (Applied SciencesSuiza, 2022-02-26)

: This paper explores the ability of Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. to convert landfill leachates into usable metabolites. Different concentrations (0.5, 1, 5, and 10% v/v) of leachate coupled with an inorganic carbon ...
Astaxanthin production from Haematococcus pluvialis: effects of light wavelength and salinity

González-Delgado, Angel Darío; Barajas Solano, andres F; Torres, Luz Karime; SUAREZ GELVEZ, JOHN HERMOGENES; Urbina-Suarez, Nestor Andres (Contemporary Engineering SciencesBulgaria, 2017-12-28)

Haematococcus pluvialis has attracted much global attention due to its ability to produce huge amounts of astaxanthin, a carotenoid pigment widely applied in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. In this work, ...
Bicarbonate-Hydrogen Peroxide System for Treating Dyeing Wastewater: Degradation of Organic Pollutants and Color Removal

Urbina-Suarez, Nestor Andres; Rivera Caicedo, Christian; González-Delgado, Angel Darío; Barajas Solano, andres F; Machuca-Martínez, Fiderman (Toxics, 2023-04-11)

: The textile industry is a global economic driving force; however, it is also one of the most polluting industries, with highly toxic effluents which are complex to treat due to the recalcitrant nature of some compounds ...
Bioremediation of Aquaculture Wastewater Using Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris

Blanco, Estefany; González-Delgado, Angel Darío; García-Martinez, Janet; Sanchez-Galvis, Edwar; Barajas Solano, andres F (Contemporary Engineering SciencesBulgaria, 2017-12-24)

Microalgae have received increasing attentions as an alternative treatment approach to remediate wastewater for both nutrient removal and biomass production. Wastewater from aquaculture industry contains high levels of ...
The Circular Economy Approach to Improving CNP Ratio in Inland Fishery Wastewater for Increasing Algal Biomass Production

García Martínez, Janet B.; Sanchez Tobos, Leidy P.; Carvajal Albarracin, Nicolaz A ; Barajas Solano, andres F; Barajas Ferreira, Crisostomo; Kafarov, Viatcheslav; ZUORRO, Antonio (WaterSuiza, 2022-02-26)

In this work, the capacity of wastewater from an inland fishery system in Colombia (Norte de Santander) was tested as culture medium for Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. Due to insufficient N and P concentrations for ...
Coupling of heterogeneous photocatalysis and aerobic biological process of activated sludge to treat wastewater containing Chlorpyrifos

Becerra Moreno, Dorance; ARTEAGA CELIS, BRENDA LUCIA; OCHOA RANGEL, YURINEY ELIZABETH; Barajas Solano, andres F; García-Martinez, Janet; Ramirez, Luisa (Revista Ingeniería Y CompetitividadColombia, 2020-01-03)

Chlorpyrifos is one of the most commonly used pesticides in Colombia, being the most commonly used in the department of Norte de Santander, where its usefulness has been proven to protect crops of rice, coffee, etc. However, ...
Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in Aquaculture Wastewater for Protein Production

Blanco, Estefany; Sanchez-Galvis, Edwar; González-Delgado, Angel Darío; García-Martinez, Janet; Barajas Solano, andres F (Contemporary Engineering SciencesColombia, 2018-02-02)

Microalgae have emerged as environment friendly alternative source of valuable products for energy, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. These microorganisms have been also studied in wastewater treatments due to its ...
Design of a microalgae bio-reactive facade reactor for cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris

Barajas Ferreira, Crisóstomo; Castro Padilla, Lucero; Sánchez, Ginna Vanegas; González-Delgado, Angel Darío; Barajas Solano, andres F (Contemporary Engineering SciencesBulgaria, 2017-11-14)

The increasing global demand for energy that has existed during many decades has affected the environment due to the greenhouse gas emissions, which are the result of the inadequate use of fossil fuels. This situation ...
Design of an Electroflotation System for the Concentration and Harvesting of Freshwater Microalgae

Barajas Solano, andres F; ZUORRO, Antonio; Barajas, Crisóstomo; García-Martinez, Janet; Sanchez-Galvis, Edwar; Castellaños, Miguel A. (Chemical Engineering TransactionsItalia, 2018-05)

Microalgae are considered as one of the most promising alternatives for the integrated use of agro-industrial water residues and the production of metabolites of high industrial interest. This is due to algae can grow on ...
Development of a Selective Method for Metabolites Extraction from Microalgae Biomass

Barajas Solano, andres F; González-Delgado, Angel Darío; Urbina-Suarez, Nestor Andres; Barajas, Crisóstomo; Sanguino, Paola Andrea (Indian Journal of Science and TechnologyIndia, 2018-02)

Background: The production of biofuel and high value products from microalgae exhibits difficulties that have been widely studied to develop viable, efficient and economic methods for recovering metabolites. Objectives: ...
Effect of de Carbon/Nitrogen ratio on the production of microalgae-based carotenoids

Barajas Solano, andres F; Guarin, Esthefania ; Remolina, Linda ; Bermúdez, Johanna; Mogollón Londoño, Sandra Oriana; Contreras Ropero, Jefferson Eduardo; García-Martinez, Janet (Revista Ingeniería Y CompetitividadColombia, 2020-01-03)

This study investigates the effect of C/N ratio on the production of biomass and total carotenoids on a Scenedesmus sp. Initially, three different carbon sources (sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium acetate) ...
Effect of flocculation on lipid extraction from Chlorella Vulgaris UTEX 1803 using response surface methodology

González-Delgado, Angel Darío; Barajas Solano, andres F; ZUORRO, Antonio; Mena Lopez, Nelson Osvaldo; Ortegón Diaz, Manuel Alejandro; Garcia, Janet Bibiana; Lavecchia, Roberto (Journal of Engineering Science and TechnologyMalasia, 2019-02)

Microalgae are an attractive source of metabolites, such as lipids, proteins, pigments and carbohydrates, of potential interest to the pharmaceutical, food and energy sectors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ...
Effect of Flocculation Technology on Lipids, Carbohydrates and Proteins and Extraction from Chlorella vulgaris

Sanguino, Paola Andrea; González-Delgado, Angel Darío; Barajas Solano, andres F (Contemporary Engineering SciencesBulgaria, 2018-03-03)

Nowadays, Chlorella vulgaris has emerged as an attractive source of metabolites such as lipids, proteins and carbohydrates, which are widely applied to obtain high value products. This work is focused on evaluating the ...
The Effect of LEDs on Biomass and Phycobiliproteins Production in Thermotolerant Oscillatoria sp.

Contreras Ropero, Jefferson Eduardo; Lidueñez Ballesteros, Valentina S.; Rodríguez Bohórquez, Angie D.; García-Martinez, Janet; Urbina-Suarez, Nestor Andres; López Barrera, German Luciano; Barajas Solano, andres F; Samantha J., Bryan; ZUORRO, Antonio (Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 2022-11-17)

This study evaluates the role of different LED lights (white, blue/red), intensity (µmol m−2 s −1 ), and photoperiod in the production of biomass and phycocyanin-C, allophycocyanin and phycoerythrin (C-PC, APC, and PE ...
The Effect of Temperature and Enzyme Concentration in the Transesterification Process of Synthetic Microalgae Oil

Rangel-Basto, Yeily Adriana; García, Ismael E.; SUAREZ GELVEZ, JOHN HERMOGENES; ZUORRO, Antonio; Barajas Solano, andres F; Urbina-Suarez, Nestor Andres (Chemical Engineering TransactionsItalia, 2018-05)

Throughout the world, the fossil fuel has supplied around the 80% of the energetic requirements, in Colombia alone 95.1% of energetic demand is made by the transportation sector solely, supplied by oil, kerosene, gasoline ...
The Effects of Wavelength and Salinity on Biomass Production from Haematococcus pluvialis

Torres, Luz Karime; González-Delgado, Angel Darío; Barajas Solano, andres F; Urbina-Suarez, Nestor Andres (Contemporary Engineering SciencesBulgaria, 2017-12-24)

Currently, microalgae have emerged as promising source of high-value products due to its biomass productivity, high photosynthetic efficiency and non-competitive environment for growth. In this work, biomass production ...
Enhanced UV/H2O2 System for the Oxidation of Organic Contaminants and Ammonia Transformation from Tannery Effluents

Urbina-Suarez, Nestor Andres; López Barrera, German Luciano; García-Martinez, Janet; Barajas Solano, andres F; Machuca-Martínez, Fiderman; ZUORRO, Antonio (Processes, 2023-10-27)

In this work, a UV/H2O2 system in real tannery wastewater was evaluated by an experimental design with optimal stage 2-level I-optimal reaction surface using Design Expert software to analyze the effects of temperature, ...

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Advanced Oxidation Processes and Biotechnological Alternatives for the Treatment of Tannery Wastewater
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Urbina-Suarez, Nestor Andres | 2021-05-27

The tannery industry is one of the economic sectors that contributes to the development of different countries. Globally, Europe and Asia are the main producers of this industry, although Latin America and Africa have been growing considerably in recent years. With this growth, the negative environmental impacts towards different ecosystem resources as a result of the discharges of recalcitrated pollutants, have led to different investigations to generate alternative solutions. Worldwide, different technologies have been studied to address this problem, biological and physicochemical processes have been widely studied, presenting drawbacks with some recalcitrant compounds. This review provides a context on the different existing technologies for the treatment of tannery wastewater, analyzing the physicochemical composition of this liquid waste, the impact it generates on human health and ecosystems and the advances in the different existing technologies, focusing on advanced oxidation processes and the use of microalgae. The coupling of advanced oxidation processes with biological processes, mainly microalgae, is seen as a viable biotechnological strategy, not only for the removal of pollutants, but also to obtain value-added products with potential use in the biorefining of the biomass.

LEER
Algalcolor: bio-platform for the sustainable production of cyanobacterial-based colours and fine chemicals
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Barajas Solano, andres F | 2021

Las cianobacterias son consideradas como una de las nuevas fuentes biotecnológicas sostenible de varias materias primas para la industria farmacéutica, alimentaria, clínica y energética mundial. Dentro de estos metabolitos, las ficobiliproteinas (proteínas colorantes de color azul y rojo) y los exopolisacaridos resaltan por su amplia demanda. Las cianobacterias son la principal fuente natural de ficobiliproteinas. Este grupo de microorganismos simples es explotado a nivel mundial en diferentes sistemas de producción (abiertos o cerrados). Sin embargo, las cepas que son explotadas industrialmente poseen condiciones abióticas de cultivo (temperatura, radiación solar y ciclo luz:oscuridad) que restringen su localización geográfica a ciertas zonas, por lo cual, no todas las cepas (menos del 10% de la diversidad global) son explotadas. Las cianobacterias termotolerantes poseen la capacidad de sobrevivir en ambientes con alta radiación y temperatura, lo cual les otorga un mayor rango de crecimiento. En los últimos años, el grupo Ambiente y Vida de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander ha podido aislar y determinar un grupo de cianobacterias termotolerantes provenientes de termales del departamento con la capacidad de producir altos contenidos de ficocianinas y exopolisacaridos los cuales pueden ser estudiados para su explotación industrial. El presente proyecto tiene como objetivo Desarrollar una bio-plataforma para la producción de colores y metabolitos de alto valor agregado a empleando cianobacterias termotolerantes colombianas. Para lograr lo anterior se proponen las siguientes etapas: (1) Determinar las cepas mayor capacidad de producir fitohormonas y Exopolisacaridos (EPS). (2) Identificar el efecto del Ciclo luz/oscuridad e intensidad lumínica en la producción de fitohormonas y Exopolisacaridos. (3) Determinar el efecto de concentración de macronutrientes en la producción de C-PC y PE. (4) Evaluar el efecto de la concentración de micronutrientes en la síntesis de C-PC y PE. Y (5) Optimizar la concentración de nutrientes para la síntesis y producción de C-PC y PE en cepas de cianobacterias termotolerantes. Se espera que esta iniciativa permita mejorar constantemente la investigación, desarrollo e innovación en la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y del Ambiente y finalmente de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander.

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The Application of Catalytic Processes on the Production of Algae-Based Biofuels: A Review
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ZUORRO, Antonio | 2020-12-28

Over the last decades, microalgal biomass has gained a significant role in the development of different high-end (nutraceuticals, colorants, food supplements, and pharmaceuticals) and lowend products (biodiesel, bioethanol, and biogas) due to its rapid growth and high carbon-fixing efficiency. Therefore, microalgae are considered a useful and sustainable resource to attain energy security while reducing our current reliance on fossil fuels. From the technologies available for obtaining biofuels using microalgae biomass, thermochemical processes (pyrolysis, Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL), gasification) have proven to be processed with higher viability, because they use all biomass. However, due to the complex structure of the biomass (lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins), the obtained biofuels from direct thermochemical conversion have large amounts of heteroatoms (oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur). As a solution, catalyst-based processes have emerged as a sustainable solution for the increase in biocrude production. This paper’s objective is to present a comprehensive review of recent developments on the catalyst-mediated conversion of algal biomass. Special attention will be given to operating conditions, strains evaluated, and challenges for the optimal yield of algal-based biofuels through pyrolysis and HTL.

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Application of Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. in the Bioconversion of Urban Leachates into Industrially Relevant Metabolites
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Ortiz Betancur, Jeimy J. | 2022-02-26

: This paper explores the ability of Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. to convert landfill leachates into usable metabolites. Different concentrations (0.5, 1, 5, and 10% v/v) of leachate coupled with an inorganic carbon source (Na2CO3 , and NaHCO3 ) were tested to improve biomass production, metabolites synthesis, and removal of NO3 and PO4 . The result shows that both strains can effectively grow in media with up to 5% (v/v) leachate, while significantly reducing the concentrations of NO3 , and PO4 (80 and 50%, respectively). The addition of NaHCO3 as a carbon source improved the final concentration of biomass, lipids, carbohydrates, and the removal of NO3 and PO4 in both strains.

LEER
Astaxanthin production from Haematococcus pluvialis: effects of light wavelength and salinity
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González-Delgado, Angel Darío | 2017-12-28

Haematococcus pluvialis has attracted much global attention due to its ability to produce huge amounts of astaxanthin, a carotenoid pigment widely applied in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. In this work, production of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis was performed under three different salt concentrations (0, 0.45 and 0.9% v/v) and wavelengths (blue, white and red) in order to evaluate the effects of salinity and light wavelengths on microalgae growth. A multifactorial 32 experimental design was used and its results were studied by Manova analyzer with 95% of reliability. According to the results, the highest amount of astaxanthin (9.72 μg/mL) was obtained at 0.45 %v/v of salt concentration and blue wavelength.

LEER
Bicarbonate-Hydrogen Peroxide System for Treating Dyeing Wastewater: Degradation of Organic Pollutants and Color Removal
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Urbina-Suarez, Nestor Andres | 2023-04-11

: The textile industry is a global economic driving force; however, it is also one of the most polluting industries, with highly toxic effluents which are complex to treat due to the recalcitrant nature of some compounds present in these effluents. This research focuses on the removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), color, Total Organic Carbon (TOC), and Ammoniacal Nitrogen (N-NH3 ) on tannery wastewater treatment through an advanced oxidation process (AOPs) using sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3 ), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 ) and temperature using a central composite non-factorial design with a surface response using Statistica 7.0 software. All experiments used a 500 mL reactor with 300 mL of tannery wastewater from a company in Cúcuta, Colombia. The physicochemical characterization was done to determine the significant absorbance peaks about the color in the wavelengths between 297 and 669 nm. Statistical analysis found that the concentration of NaHCO3 affects the removal of color and N-NH3 ; however, it did not affect COD and TOC. The optimal process conditions for removing the different compounds under study were: NaHCO3 1 M, H2O2 2 M, and 60 ◦C, with efficiencies of 92.35%, 31.93%, 68.85%, and 35.5% N-NH3 , COD, color, and TOC respectively. It can be concluded that AOPs using H2O2 and NaHCO3 are recommended to remove color and N-NH3.

LEER
Bioremediation of Aquaculture Wastewater Using Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris
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Blanco, Estefany | 2017-12-24

Microalgae have received increasing attentions as an alternative treatment approach to remediate wastewater for both nutrient removal and biomass production. Wastewater from aquaculture industry contains high levels of nitrogen and phosphorus, which affect plant growth. Conventional methods for treating aquaculture wastewater generally are inefficient and unprofitable. In this work, microalgae Chlorella vulgaris growth was studied in aquaculture effluent medium in order to reduce its contents of NO3 and PO4. Furthermore, the effect of NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 concentrations and addition time on biomass productivity was evaluate to determine the most suitable conditions for biomass growth. It was found that highest biomass content (0.3 g/L) was achieved at 3.4 g/L of sodium bicarbonate concentration and 19 h of addition time.

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The Circular Economy Approach to Improving CNP Ratio in Inland Fishery Wastewater for Increasing Algal Biomass Production
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García Martínez, Janet B. | 2022-02-26

In this work, the capacity of wastewater from an inland fishery system in Colombia (Norte de Santander) was tested as culture medium for Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. Due to insufficient N and P concentrations for successful algae growth, the effect of wastewater replenishment with NO3 , PO4 , and Na2CO3 or NaHCO3 as a carbon source was analyzed using a three-factor nonfactorial response surface design. The results showed that the addition of NaNO3 (0.125 g/L), K2HPO4 (0.075 g/L), KH2PO4 (0.75 g/L), and NaHCO3 (0.5 and 2 g/L for Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. respectively) significantly increased the biomass of Chlorella sp. (0.87 g/L) and Scenedesmus sp. (0.83 g/L). Although these results show that the addition of other nutrients is not necessary (Na, Mg, SO4 , Ca, etc.), it is still essential to determine the quality of the biomass produced in terms of its application as a feed supplement for fish production.

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Coupling of heterogeneous photocatalysis and aerobic biological process of activated sludge to treat wastewater containing Chlorpyrifos
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Becerra Moreno, Dorance | 2020-01-03

Chlorpyrifos is one of the most commonly used pesticides in Colombia, being the most commonly used in the department of Norte de Santander, where its usefulness has been proven to protect crops of rice, coffee, etc. However, due to improper use by farmers, this has brought negative consequences for the environment and the health of people, which is why in 2014 there were 715 cases of poisoning by this substance in the department. In order to generate a technically viable alternative for the treatment of agricultural wastewater containing Chlorpyrifos and advancing in the decontamination of receiving water bodies, the effectiveness of the heterogeneous photocatalysis coupling in a Composite Parabolic Collector - CPC and an aerobic biological process of activated sludge in batch. The photocatalysis was performed in a CPC of 0.83 m2, using sunlight as a source of energy (20, 40 and 60 KJ.L-1 ) and titanium dioxide - TiO2 Degussa P25 as a catalyst (100, 350 and 600 mg. L-1 ), at a pH of 3, 6 and 9 and as an aerobic biological process the Zahn-Wellens Test was used. The photocatalytic process achieved a maximum DQO removal of 44.2% and COD of 35.3%, for optimal conditions 159.19 mg.L-1 of TiO2 and 3.47 pH units. The biological process managed to degrade 17.0% of DQO and 9.3% of COD for wastewater without pretreatment. After pretreatment by photocatalysis, the removal of the biological process increased to 88.2% DQO and 67.8% COD. From the results obtained, it is established that the coupling of heterogeneous photocatalysis and an aerobic biological process is a viable alternative for the treatment of agricultural wastewater with the presence of Chlorpyrifos.

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Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in Aquaculture Wastewater for Protein Production
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Blanco, Estefany | 2018-02-02

Microalgae have emerged as environment friendly alternative source of valuable products for energy, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. These microorganisms have been also studied in wastewater treatments due to its ability to remove CO2, nitrogen, phosphorus, and toxic metals. In this work, cultivation of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris was carried out in aquaculture wastewater in order to reduce its contents of NO3 and PO4. In addition, different concentration of inorganic carbon sources (NaHCO3 and Na2CO3) and addition times were considered for determining suitable conditions in microalgae culture to produce proteins. It was found that highest protein content (45 % w/w) was achieved at 3.4 g/L of NaHCO3 and 19 h of addition time.

LEER
Design of a microalgae bio-reactive facade reactor for cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris
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Barajas Ferreira, Crisóstomo | 2017-11-14

The increasing global demand for energy that has existed during many decades has affected the environment due to the greenhouse gas emissions, which are the result of the inadequate use of fossil fuels. This situation has contributed to the development of researchers regarding the microalgae production to capture the CO2 present in the atmosphere. Therefore, this paper presents the influence of the design variables (width and depth) of a flat-plate photobioreactor on the biomass productivity of Chlorella vulgaris UTEX 1803 and the evaporated volume for a period of 74 days, under the environmental conditions of Bucaramanga, Colombia. In addition, the effect of evaporated volume and temperature on biomass productivity was analyzed. It was verified that the average temperature of 29.72 °C is not an influential variable on biomass productivity. According to the results, the design of a photobioreactor with width dimensions greater than 15 cm and depth 3 cm is required to obtain a productivity of 0.35 g/L d.

LEER
Design of an Electroflotation System for the Concentration and Harvesting of Freshwater Microalgae
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Barajas Solano, andres F | 2018-05

Microalgae are considered as one of the most promising alternatives for the integrated use of agro-industrial water residues and the production of metabolites of high industrial interest. This is due to algae can grow on wastewater which in turn can reduce the emission of nutrients to rivers and lakes. However, the greatest scientific-technological barrier is the concentration and separation of the biomass produced. There are several processes used at different levels (from laboratory to industrial scale) such as flocculation, centrifugation, flotation, etc. These can be very expensive or can (possibly) contaminate the biomass. Unlike the previous ones, electroflotation has been proposed as a cost-efficient method, nevertheless its final efficiency will depend heavily on the type of alga and culture medium. Taking into account the above, the present project aims to design an electroflotation system for the concentration and harvest of microalgae biomass. The effect of several factors (pH, time, voltage and distance between the electrodes) and for types of materials (Copper, Aluminium, Iron and Steel) on biomass recovery efficiency from a culture of Chlorella vulgaris UTEX 1803 was evaluated by the implementation of a Design of experiments (43 non-factorial design) using STATISTICA 7.0. Results show that, the materials with higher concentration efficiency were cooper and aluminium with 40 and 80% respectively, and the most relevant factors were distance between electrodes (1-2 cm), time (>20 min) and Voltage (>15V). In order to increase the efficiency of the overall process a new 43 experimental factorial design was proposed using as factors distance between electrodes, time, voltage and agitation. Results show that agitation positively affects the total efficiency until reaching a total concentration of the biomass (100%). It was found that a voltage close to 50V and a time greater than 25 min positively affect the final efficiency of the copper and aluminium electrodes, however aluminium has the highest efficiency (> 95%) compared to copper (<85%).

LEER
Development of a Selective Method for Metabolites Extraction from Microalgae Biomass
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Barajas Solano, andres F | 2018-02

Background: The production of biofuel and high value products from microalgae exhibits difficulties that have been widely studied to develop viable, efficient and economic methods for recovering metabolites. Objectives: This work is focused on evaluating experimental methods to obtain carbohydrates, proteins and lipids by varying process variables (solvent concentration, temperature, biomass/solvent ratio and moisture content). Methods/Analysis: Carbohydrate and proteins were extracted by acid and alkaline hydrolysis to study the effect of biomass moisture on recovery of these metabolites. Lipids were obtained using hexane and methanol-chloroform methods and its quantification was performed by gravimetric analysis. Findings: It was found that 41.96% and 49.77% of carbohydrates were recovered from C. vulgaris using biomass without thermal pretreatment by acid and alkaline hydrolysis, respectively. Regarding to lipid extraction, hexane was used as solvent for recovering 18.22% of lipids from C. vulgaris. In addition, results suggested that dehydrating biomass at 105°C reduces recovery of high value products. Novelty/Improvement: This study proposes a selective method for extracting metabolites, which enhances efficiency of recovery when is carried out under suitable conditions of biomass moisture, time and solvent volume.

LEER
Effect of de Carbon/Nitrogen ratio on the production of microalgae-based carotenoids
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Barajas Solano, andres F | 2020-01-03

This study investigates the effect of C/N ratio on the production of biomass and total carotenoids on a Scenedesmus sp. Initially, three different carbon sources (sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium acetate) were tested under different concentrations of a nitrogen source (sodium nitrate) in 250 mL tubular air-lift reactors. The reactors were operated at 25 °C for 40 days. in light:dark cycle of 12:12, under a continuous flow of air. Results showed that by the adjustment of the concentration of the carbon and nitrogen source, it is possible to increase the concentration of biomass up to 0.8 g/L. However, by the regulation on the concentration of sodium carbonate and sodium nitrate, the final content of total carotenoids was increased two times (from 0.3 to 0.66 % w/w). Results from this study shows that an specific ratio between the carbon source employed and the concentration of the nitrogen source shows that an outstanding increase on the final biomass and the concentration of total carotenoids that can be produced. Finally, the effect of well-known strategies such as light, salinity and pH, coupled with C/N ratio must be studied to achieve a proper method to stress the cell culture and enhance the synthesis of carotenoids in Scenedesmus sp.

LEER
Effect of flocculation on lipid extraction from Chlorella Vulgaris UTEX 1803 using response surface methodology
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González-Delgado, Angel Darío | 2019-02

Microalgae are an attractive source of metabolites, such as lipids, proteins, pigments and carbohydrates, of potential interest to the pharmaceutical, food and energy sectors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of flocculation on lipid extraction from Chlorella Vulgaris. A 33 experimental design was performed with STATISTICA 7.0 software in order to determine the effects of flocculant (AlCl3) addition, pH and time. The best strategy of pH adjustmentflocculant addition was evaluated, followed by lipid extraction under optimal conditions. pH adjustment after the addition of flocculant provided higher flocculation efficiencies (87.2-98.9%) compared to adjustments made before adding the flocculant (67.8-85.9%). Experiments performed according to the experimental design led to a flocculation efficiency of 99.7% when 100 mg/L of AlCl3, pH 7 and a cultivation time of 18.3 days were used. The percentage of a lipid extract from the flocculated biomass was 2.7% and the flocculant did not affect the production of fatty acid methyl esters.

LEER
Effect of Flocculation Technology on Lipids, Carbohydrates and Proteins and Extraction from Chlorella vulgaris
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Sanguino, Paola Andrea | 2018-03-03

Nowadays, Chlorella vulgaris has emerged as an attractive source of metabolites such as lipids, proteins and carbohydrates, which are widely applied to obtain high value products. This work is focused on evaluating the effect of flocculation on metabolites recovery from Chlorella vulgaris microalgae biomass. Carbohydrates were extracted through acid and alkaline hydrolysis in order to identify the efficiency of these treatments for cell wall disruption. Protein quantification was carried out under alkaline conditions and lipids were recovered by solvent extraction with hexane. It was found that carbohydrate recovery was higher using centrifuged biomass (40.55%) than flocculated biomass (24.31%) by acid treatment, while alkaline treatment exhibited yield of 20.37% and 13.19%, respectively. In addition, efficiency of 53.75% and 32.27% in protein recovery was obtained from both centrifuged and flocculated biomass. The highest lipid extraction yield (54.2%) was achieved using acid hydrolysis and hexane solvent route when centrifuged biomass was used as metabolite source. These results suggested that flocculation affect significantly the efficiency of metabolites extraction.

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The Effect of LEDs on Biomass and Phycobiliproteins Production in Thermotolerant Oscillatoria sp.
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Contreras Ropero, Jefferson Eduardo | 2022-11-17

This study evaluates the role of different LED lights (white, blue/red), intensity (µmol m−2 s −1 ), and photoperiod in the production of biomass and phycocyanin-C, allophycocyanin and phycoerythrin (C-PC, APC, and PE respectively) from a novel thermotolerant strain of Oscillatoria sp. Results show that a mixture of white with blue/red LEDs can effectively double the biomass concentration up to 1.3 g/L, while the concentration of the selected phycobiliproteins increased proportionally to biomass. Results also indicate that high light intensities (>120 µmol m−2 s −1 ) can diminish the final concentration of C-PC, APC, and PE, significantly reducing the overall biomass produced. Finally, the photoperiod analysis showed that longer light exposure times (18:6 h) improved both biomass and phycobiliproteins concentration. These results demonstrate that the application of LEDs to produce a novel strain of Oscillatoria sp can double the biomass concentration, and the photoperiod regulation can eventually enhance the final concentration of specific phycobiliproteins such as APC and PE.

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The Effect of Temperature and Enzyme Concentration in the Transesterification Process of Synthetic Microalgae Oil
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Rangel-Basto, Yeily Adriana | 2018-05

Throughout the world, the fossil fuel has supplied around the 80% of the energetic requirements, in Colombia alone 95.1% of energetic demand is made by the transportation sector solely, supplied by oil, kerosene, gasoline and diesel, this sector has an extremely small participation with biofuel of 3%, which is represented only by biodiesel. Microalgae had been proposed as biofactories with a remarkable third generation biofuels production. The culture of the microorganism comprehends interesting characteristics as countless environments where its natural growth could be replicated in fresh, salty and even sewage waters, with a higher growth rate and a higher oil production. The implementation of enzymes in the transesterification process have generated a good curiosity in the field, due to its mild reactions conditions, lesser energetic requirements, a high standard in the selection of the enzymes with the objective of avoiding the formation of soaps, creating in this way cleaner products and sub-products, in which the separation of the phases biodiesel/glycerol, give the possibility to recuperate the bio catalyzer and high output of reactions. However, the high volume of medium required to obtain lipids is one of the major drawbacks to test the viability of these enzymes. The present study aims to design an enzymatic transesterification process for the production of biodiesel form synthetic Chlorella oil. The synthetic oil was designed according to the lipid profile of C 16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 from Chlorella spp CHL2 cultured on Bold Basal media under limited concentrations of NaNO3. The enzymatic transesterification efficiency was evaluated by the implementation of a 22 experimental factorial design (temperature and lipase concentration) under a 3: 1 molar ratio of alcohol:oil and a fixed reaction time of 6 hours. The obtained results show that, in order to obtain superior yields of biodiesel (>91%) the transesterification process must be carried out under temperature conditions close to 38°C and lipase concentrations of 5%.

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The Effects of Wavelength and Salinity on Biomass Production from Haematococcus pluvialis
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Torres, Luz Karime | 2017-12-24

Currently, microalgae have emerged as promising source of high-value products due to its biomass productivity, high photosynthetic efficiency and non-competitive environment for growth. In this work, biomass production from Haematococcus pluvialis was studied at three salt concentrations (0, 0.45 and 0.9% v/v) and blue, white and red wavelengths in order to evaluate the effects of these factors on microalgae growth. A 32 experimental design was performed and its results were analyzed by Manova test with 95% of reliability. The results obtained suggest that the best combination for biomass production consists of red wavelength and salt concentration of 0% v/v with a maximum productivity of 8172.2 mg/mL.

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Enhanced UV/H2O2 System for the Oxidation of Organic Contaminants and Ammonia Transformation from Tannery Effluents
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Urbina-Suarez, Nestor Andres | 2023-10-27

In this work, a UV/H2O2 system in real tannery wastewater was evaluated by an experimental design with optimal stage 2-level I-optimal reaction surface using Design Expert software to analyze the effects of temperature, pH, UV lamp power (W), and H2O2 concentration on COD removal and nitrification. It was found that pH and temperature were the variables that affected the process the most. It was found that an acidic pH of 4.5–5.5 and temperatures between 50 and 70 ◦C favored improved COD and ammonium oxidation. The process conditions—temperature 54.6 ◦C, pH 4, pW-UV 60 W and hydrogen peroxide 0.5—were confirmed in the next phase of the study using a one-way statistical analysis ANOVA. Under these conditions, the nitrite removal rate was 98.4%, ammonium 94.53%, chromium 92.3%, chlorides 62.4%, BOD 67.4%, COD 44.5%, and color 48%.

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