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Ciencias Biológicas – MAJUMBA

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Paracetamol ecotoxicological bioassay using the bioindicators Lens culinaris Med. and Pisum sativum L

SALAZAR MERCADO, SEIR ANTONIO | 2023-03-18

Paracetamol is one of the most widely used drugs worldwide, yet its environmental presence and hazardous impact on nontarget organisms could rapidly increase. In this study, the possible cytotoxic efects of paracetamol were evaluated using two bioindicator plants Lens culinaris and Pisum sativum. Concentrations of 500, 400, 300, 200, 100, 50, 25, 5, 1 mg L−1, and a control (distilled water) were used for a total of 10 treatments, which were subsequently applied on seeds of Lens culinaris Med. and Pisum sativum L.; after 72 h of exposure, root growth, mitotic index, percentage of chromosomal abnormalities, and the presence of micronucleus were evaluated. The cytotoxic efect of paracetamol on L. culinaris and P. sativum was demonstrated, reporting the inhibition of root growth, the presence of abnormalities, and a signifcant micronucleus index at all concentrations used, which shows that this drug has a high degree of toxicity.

Genetic control of yield components in green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Contreras Rojas, Mayra | 2023-09-04

. For most of the traits, except yield per plant, the additive-dominant model was adequate. Non-additive effects with overdominance controlled the number of pods per plant, pod length, and mean pod weight. Most of the characters presented an unequal proportion of positive and negative genes in the loci (H1 < H2 ). The asymmetric distribution of genes in the parents (H2 /4H1 ) was below the maximum value (0.25), except for the character “number of pods per plant”. The KD/KR ratio confirmed for most of the traits that there was an excess of recessive alleles over dominant alleles. Dominance effects (h2 ) for most characters suggested that the substantial contribution of dominance was not due to heterogeneity of loci in these characters. The narrow-sense heritability was moderate to low. The correlation coefficient r (Yr; Wr + Vr) indicated that dominant genes were responsible for the increased number of pods per plant and recessive genes for increased pod length and mean pod weight. Conclusions. Conventional breeding methods like pedigree selection could be employed to improve the characters “pod length” and “mean pod weight”, and for the number of pods per plant, management of segregating populations should employ the single-seeded descent method.

Impact of Antibiotics as Waste, Physical, Chemical, and Enzymatical Degradation: Use of Laccases

Gamboa Mora, María Cristina | 2022-07-11

The first traces of Tetracycline (TE) were detected in human skeletons from Sudan and Egypt, finding that it may be related to the diet of the time, the use of some dyes, and the use of soils loaded with microorganisms, such as Streptomyces spp., among other microorganisms capable of producing antibiotics. However, most people only recognise authors dating between 1904 and 1940, such as Ehrlich, Domagk, and Fleming. Antibiotics are the therapeutic option for countless infections treatment; unfortunately, they are the second most common group of drugs in wastewaters worldwide due to failures in industrial waste treatments (pharmaceutics, hospitals, senior residences) and their irrational use in humans and animals. The main antibiotics problem lies in delivered and non-prescribed human use, use in livestock as growth promoters, and crop cultivation as biocides (regulated activities that have not complied in some places). This practice has led to the toxicity of the environment as antibiotics generate eutrophication, water pollution, nutrient imbalance, and press antibiotic resistance. In addition, the removal of antibiotics is not a required process in global wastewater treatment standards. This review aims to raise awareness of the negative impact of antibiotics as residues and physical, chemical, and biological treatments for their degradation. We discuss the high cost of physical and chemical treatments, the risk of using chemicals that worsen the situation, and the fact that each antibiotic class can be transformed differently with each of these treatments and generate new compounds that could be more toxic than the original ones; also, we discuss the use of enzymes for antibiotic degradation, with emphasis on laccases.

Efecto de la quema en cultivos de hortalizas en Villa del Rosario, Norte de Santander, Colombia, sobre las micorrizas y propiedades del suelo

Parada Rojas, Camilo H. | 2016-12

La quema de cascarilla de arroz es una práctica frecuente en la preparación de terrenos para una producción a corto plazo de cultivos de hortalizas en el municipio de Villa del Rosario, Norte de Santander, Colombia. Con el objeto de determinar el efecto de esta práctica se realizó un estudio para evaluar el efecto de la quema de cascarilla de arroz en el suelo sobre la población de hongos formadores de micorrizas arbusculares, mediante el recuento de esporas y determinación del porcentaje de colonización por estos hongos en raíces de hortalizas antes y después de la quema durante cuatro períodos de cultivos. Además, se determinó el carbono orgánico, fósforo disponible, nitrógeno y pH del suelo. Se evaluaron dos secuencias de cultivos simultáneas en tres fincas donde se realiza rotación de cultivos y se alterna la producción de diferentes hortalizas con el cultivo de cilantro. Se realizó un análisis de varianza, comparación de medias según la prueba de Tukey y un análisis de componentes principales. Los resultados mostraron un efecto significativo en la reducción de esporas y la colonización de hongos de micorriza arbuscular después de la quema y una recuperación gradual hacia el cuarto cultivo en cada finca. En las variables de pH y carbono orgánico se encontró un aumento en el período inmediatamente después de la quema, con aumento también del contenido de fósforo. El efecto negativo sobre las micorrizas demuestra la necesidad de modificar la utilización de esta práctica en la preparación del suelo con el objeto de conservar la población de esporas de estos hongos y su interacción con las raíces de las plantas cultivadas.

Isolation and characterization of rhizobacteria associated with rice crops (Oryza sativa L.) in Norte de Santander (Colombia)

Florez Márquez, Jessica Ducley | 2017-06

Las rizobacterias promotoras de crecimiento vegetal son reconocidas y estudiadas por sus efectos benéficos en varios cultivos. Cepas de los géneros Azotobacter y Pseudomonas se aislaron de suelo rizosférico de cultivos de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) de 10 fincas en el distrito de riego del río Zulia, Norte de Santander, Colombia. El aislamiento bacteriano se hizo a partir de gránulos de suelo y diluciones seriadas de suelo, sembradas en agar Ashby para Azotobacter y King B para Pseudomonas fluorescentes, respectivamente. Cuarenta y dos aislamientos se conservaron en viales con solución salina estéril (0.85 % NaCl) en refrigeración a 4 °C y se ingresaron al Banco de Cepas del Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Biología Aplicada de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Cúcuta, Colombia. Para seleccionar aislamientos con potencial para el desarrollo de inoculantes microbianos, en todas las cepas se determinó su capacidad de solubilización de fosfato inorgánico, fijación biológica de nitrógeno, síntesis de ácido indoloacético y sideróforos. Con un conglomerado jerárquico de las medianas de las cuatro actividades se seleccionaron cuatro aislamientos por presentar los valores más cercanos a los testigos diseñados como cepas promisorias en las cuatro actividades según el dendrograma de similitudes. Estas cuatro cepas se identificaron como Pseudomonas putida (RzA027 y RzA035), Azotobacter chrococcum (RzA040) y Azotobacter tropicalis (RzA042) mediante amplificación del gen 16S ADNr.

Identificación de genes Cry1 en aislados de Bacillus thuringiensis y su efecto tóxico contra Milax gagates, plaga en lechuga (Lactuca sativa)

Galvis, Fabian | 2018-08

Milax gagates is one of the main pests in the cultivation of lettuce, causing considerable economic losses. Control with molluscicides totally or partially eliminates the pest but generates a negative impact on the environment due to their high toxicity. Biological management also allows controlling the pest, but in a specific and safe way for the environment. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the toxic effect of Bacillus thuringiensis, with Cry1 genes, against M. gagates by means of a bioassay. Seventy-five soil samples were taken from several municipalities in Norte de Santander, Colombia, from where 58 isolated colonies of B. thuringiensis with similar characteristics were obtained. Of these colonies, five showed the presence of Cry1 genes, and were those used in the bioassays together with the control B. thuringiensis var. Kurstaki. The treatments caused 90-100 % lethality to M. gagates at a concentration of 500 μg∙mL-1. The calculated LD99 suggests the use of 820 μg∙mL-1 of the biopreparate to obtain 100 % lethality with any of the five isolates studied.

Caracterización molecular y detección de genes blaCTX-M grupos 1 y 9 en Klebsiella pneumoniae resistentes a ceftazidima, en un hospital de San José de Cúcuta, Colombia

Galvis, Fabian | 2019-06

Background: The expression of CTX-M β-lactamases belonging to groups 1 and 9 in Klebsiella pneumoniae produces high levels of resistance to ceftazidime, and they have a wide distribution worldwide. Aim: To identify and characterize the blaCTX-M-Group1 and blaCTX-M-Group9 genes in K. pneumoniae isolates resistant to ceftazidime in a hospital in San José de Cúcuta, Colombia. Material and Methods: Primers were designed for the identification of K. pneumoniae and blaCTX-M genes by PCR. Subsequently, the genetic relationship of these isolates was analyzed by REP-PCR. Results: A 38% of the 24 isolates identified by PCR as K. pneumoniae showed blaCTX-M-3. blaCTX-M-15 y blaCTX-M-32 genes (Group CTX-M-1) and 42% blaCTX-M14. blaCTX-M-24 y blaCTX-M-27 genes (Group CTX-M-9). The phylogenetic analysis grouped the K. pneumoniae isolates into 4 clusters, showing correlation in clusters I, II and IV, when comparing the genetic profiles with the type of sample and group of genes. Discussion: We found a similar frequency of blaCTX-M-Group 1 and blaCTX-M-Group 9 genes in isolates of K. pneumoniae resistant to ceftazidime. The correlation between the REP-PCR with the CTX-M groups and the type of sample revealed the presence of three clonal pattern

Cytotoxic evaluation of sodium hypochlorite, using Pisum sativum L as effective bioindicator

SALAZAR MERCADO, SEIR ANTONIO | 2019-05-30

The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of different sodium hypochlorite concentrations, using apical root cells of P. sativum as a bioindicator. Initially, the seeds of P. sativum were exposed to different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 2 mg L−1) and to a control solution based on distilled water. Next, root growth was measured during 24, 48 and 72 h. Subsequently, the mitotic index (MI) and cellular anomalies (5000 cells per treatment) were determined at 72 h. According to the results obtained, a decrease in root growth was observed at concentrations of 0.4, 1.6 and 2 mg L−1. Likewise, it was evident that, among all the evaluated concentrations, an inhibition of mitosis higher than 50% was presented. Additionally, chromosomal anomalies were also generated, such as Nuclear notch, lagging chromosomes and Chromosomal break, which were present in all the concentrations evaluated. In addition, the presence of micronuclei at concentrations of 2.0 and 1.6 mg L−1 indicate that sodium hypochlorite is a highly cytotoxic substance. Therefore, P. sativum is a specie that offers a feasible experimental model to be implemented in the laboratory with the aim to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of any cytotoxic substance.

Evaluation of cytotoxic potential of chlorpyrifos using Lens culinaris Med as efficient bioindicator

SALAZAR MERCADO, SEIR ANTONIO | 2019-11-15

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of different concentrations of chlorpyrifos (CPF), using L. culinaris apical cells as a biological indicator. L. culinaris seeds were exposed to different concentrations of chlorpyrifos (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10 and 15 mg L−1) and a control solution based on distilled water. Subsequently, root growth was measured during 24, 48 and 72 h. Therefore, the mitotic index (MI) and the number of cellular abnormalities were determined at 72 h. According to the obtained results, a decrease in root size was observed in the concentrations of T5 (8 mg L−1) and T6 (10 mg L−1). On the other hand, it was evidenced that, through all the evaluated concentrations, the inhibition of mitosis in the concentrations of T5 (8 mg L−1), T6 (10 mg L−1) and T7 (15 mg L−1) was greater than 50%. Additionally, a variety of chromosomal abnormalities were reported, such as Micronuclei, sticky chromosomes in anaphase, chromosome disruption, irregular anaphase, nucleus absence, nuclear lesions, chromosomes grouped in metaphase, anaphase bridges, metaphase sticky chromosomes, present in all concentrations evaluated. Consequently, the presence of micronuclei in the concentrations of 8 mg L−1, 10 mg L−1 and 15 mg L−1 indicates that the CPF is a highly cytotoxic substance to L. culinaris. Therefore, L. culinaris is a plant species that offers a feasible experimental model to be implemented in laboratory studies with the purpose to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of pesticides.

Evaluation of the cytotoxic potential of sodium hypochlorite using meristematic root cells of Lens culinaris Med

SALAZAR MERCADO, SEIR ANTONIO | 2020-01-20

The present investigation was designed to monitor the cytotoxic potential of Sodium Hypochlorite using lentil (Lens culinaris) as a bioindicator of toxicity. Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), is a chemical compound that is used mainly for its disinfectant properties, its effect is widely toxic, which is why it is marketed in low concentrations and it is also a component in various products such as agrochemicals. In the present study the L. culinaris seeds were exposed to different NaClO dose 0, 0.2, 1, 3, 5 and 7 mg L−1 during 24, 48 and 72 h; timeslots in which the root growth was also studied. The cytotoxic potential of NaClO was determined by calculating the mitotic index (MI), calculating cellular anomalies (CA) and observing the longitudinal growth of the roots during the various time periods. The radicular growth was prolonged and it was observed that there was a greater growth at the dose of 1 and 7 mg L−1 in the time of 72 h. The cytotoxic effects could be analyzed in the mitotic index, since the higher the concentration, the lower the mitotic index, as observed in the dose of 7 mg L−1 where a reduction of the mitotic index of the meristematic cells is observed. The results indicate that NaClO has a cytotoxic effect that induces various types of chromosomal abnormalities. This indicates that Sodium Hypochlorite has a cytotoxic effect according to the increase in its dose. Therefore, Lens culinaris turned out to be a kind of appropriate bioindicator to study the cytotoxic effects of various potentially toxic substances.

Cytotoxic evaluation of glyphosate, using Allium cepa L. as bioindicator

SALAZAR MERCADO, SEIR ANTONIO | 2020-01-15

Glyphosate is a chemical compound used mainly as a broad spectrum herbicide, it is recognized for its proven effectiveness and easy handling. It represents more than 60% of the world market of non-selective herbicides and is used in both agricultural fields and family gardens. The present study was designed to test the cytogenotoxic potential of glyphosate using the Allium cepa test as toxicity bioindicator. Consequently, bulbs of A. cepa were exposed to different concentrations of glyphosate (5, 10, 15, 25 and 30 mgL−1) and a control (deionized water), for 72 h; root development was also studied in this period of time. The cytogenotoxic potential of glyphosate was determined by calculating the mitotic index (MI), cellular anomalies (CA) and registering the roots longitudinal growth at 24, 48 and 72 h. Regarding root development, a greater growth was observed in the control treatment in the three measurement times. The mitotic phases analysis, determined that the higher the concentration, the lower the mitotic index, in addition the inhibition of the telophase Mitotic Index (TMI) was observed in any of the concentrations. The results indicate that the exposure to glyphosate of A. cepa meristematic cells induces diverse types of chromosomal anomalies, such as micronuclei (MN), chromosome breaking (CB), nuclear notch (Nn), among others. Therefore, in demonstrates that glyphosate has a highly cytogenotoxic effect for any of the concentrations used.

Cytogenotoxic effect of propanil using the Lens culinaris Med and Allium cepa L test

SALAZAR MERCADO, SEIR ANTONIO | 2020-06

Propanil can produce methemoglobinemia, hemolytic anemia, hepatotoxicity, metabolic disorder and nephrotoxicity. It also has a genotoxic effect, although it is not listed as a carcinogen and it continues to be applied excessively throughout the world. Consequently, in this study the cytogenotoxic effect of propanil was evaluated, using apical root cells of Allium cepa and Lens culinaris. In which, L. culinaris seeds and A. cepa bulbs were subjected to 6 treatments with propanil (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 mg L−1) and to distilled water as control treatment. Subsequently, the root growth was measured every 24 h for 3 days. Next, the mitotic index and cellular anomalies were determined. Whereby, decreased root development was observed in all treatments. Likewise, greater inhibition of mitosis was evidenced in L. culinaris compared to A. cepa. In addition, chromosomal abnormalities, such as nucleus absence, sticky chromosomes in metaphase and binucleated cells, were present in most of the treatments. Thus, the presence of micronuclei and the results of L. culinaris, indicate the high cytogenotoxicity of propanil and the feasibility of this species as bioindicator

Effect of the medium composition on the asymbiotic germination and in vitro development of the Laeliocattleya hybrid

SALAZAR MERCADO, SEIR ANTONIO | 2020-12

In vitro cultivation techniques are viable alternatives for the germination and production of orchid seedlings in a short period. From another perspective, when studying the optimal germination conditions, knowing about the seeds viability is essential. Therefore, this research aimed to study the appropriate medium for germination and in vitro development of xLaeliocattleya Richard Muller. In addition, optimal preconditioning was determined to enhance the tetrazolium test. Initially, the indehiscent capsules were collected in a nursery in Bochalema-Norte de Santander. From them, seeds were obtained for the preconditioning and germination tests. One portion was subjected to different precondition treatments: distilled water, sodium hypochlorite (0.5–1.0%) and sucrose (10%). Afterwards, seeds were rinsed and exposed to different concentrations and exposure periods of tetrazolium. Regarding in vitro cultivation, the commercial medium Orchid Seed Sowing Medium, Murashige & Skoog (MS), and the MS supplemented with coconut water (MSC), pineapple juice (MSP) and gibberellic acid (MSGA3) were evaluated. The highest percentage of viability was obtained by subjecting the seeds to preconditioning with 10% sucrose and keeping them for 24 h in a 0.5% tetrazolium solution. With respect to the MS media used, those enriched with organic supplements proved to be superior to the other treatments since the highest results were achieved both in asymbiotic germination (56 ± 2.8%) and in seedlings formation (25.8 ± 0.8) with the MSP medium, followed by the MSC medium. In this way, a viable and low-cost alternative is offered for the commercial propagation of xLaeliocattleya Richard Muller.

Use of Lens culinaris Med test as environmental bioindicator to identify the cytogenotoxic effect of paraquat pesticide

SALAZAR MERCADO, SEIR ANTONIO | 2021-05-12

Paraquat is the most widely used herbicide and the third most sold pesticide in the world, applied in more than 120 countries despite being banned in the European Union. It is a risk to ecosystems. The genotoxic effect of paraquat was evaluated using the Lens culinaris test. L. culinaris seeds were subjected to 6 concentrations of paraquat (0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 1.5, 2, and 3 ppm) plus a control (distilled water). During 72 h, root development was measured every 24 h. After 3 days, root apices were analyzed to obtain the inhibition of the mitotic index, as well as the type and rate of chromosomal abnormalities present. A decrease in root growth of more than 50% (72 h of exposure) and an inhibition of the mitotic index of 2.9 times in the treatment with 3 ppm compared to the control were observed. The 2 ppm concentration presented all the anomalies found with a frequency of 84 ± 2.5 of micronuclei, 106 ± 3.5 of nuclear lesions, 14 ± 4.7 of nucleus absence, 8 ± 2.7 of telophase bridges, 7 ± 2.7 of binucleated cells, among others. It is also recommended to establish comparisons of L. culinaris with multiple biomarkers since it is presented as a practical and economic alternative.

Análisis cromosómico de ganado bovino puro y cruzado en el departamento Norte de Santander, Colombia

Vargas-Munar, Diana Faride | 2021-11-19

El manejo reproductivo adecuado es fundamental para alcanzar índices óptimos en un sistema de producción de bovinos. Sin embargo, existen numerosas causas para la disminución de la fertilidad, como las de orden genético, que pueden afectar gravemente el sistema. Entre estas, las anormalidades cromosómicas causan baja fertilidad, debido principalmente a muerte temprana de embriones desbalanceados. Por tanto, es importante diagnosticar la presencia de estas anomalías en las unidades de producción ganaderas. Con el propósito de establecer la posible existencia de bovinos portadores de anormalidades cromosómicas en fincas de Norte de Santander, se tomaron muestras de sangre periférica a 31 bovinos puros y cruzados, pertenecientes a quince municipios del departamento. Se realizaron cultivos de linfocitos de sangre periférica, para obtener cromosomas; se analizaron 25 células de cada animal, en metafase, en un microscopio de luz convencional, para determinar el número cromosómico y la presencia de anormalidades cromosómicas. Enseguida, se estableció que, en su totalidad, los individuos analizados presentaron el número cromosómico nor- mal para la especie (2n=60) y en ninguno se visualizaron anomalías en el cariotipo. Asimismo, se evidenció la presencia de un cromosoma Y de tipo acrocéntrico en todos los machos analizados, cromosoma característico de las razas cebuinas. Este resultado confirma el tipo racial prevaleciente en Norte de Santander: cruces Bos taurus x Bos indicus.

Cuantificación de Bacterias diazótrofas aisladas de suelos cacaoteros (Teobroma cacao L.) por la técnica del Número Más Probable (NMP)

ArguelloNavarro, Adriana Zulay | 2016-07-01

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo cuantificar bacterias diazótrofas y comparar fisicoquímicamente suelos rizosféricos de tres cacaotales (Theobroma cacao L.) del Departamento Norte de Santander, Colombia; para lo cual se caracterizaron, diferenciándose en área cultivada, manejo agronómico y edad del cultivo. A partir de diluciones seriadas de las muestras y empleando la técnica de Número Más Probable (NMP), en medios de cultivo semiselectivos (NFb, JMV, LGI, JNFb) semisólidos, se cuantificaron las diazótrofas, evaluando como positivo la formación de una película subsuperficial en el medio contenido en viales sellados; muestras pares se enviaron al laboratorio Bioambiental (UNET) para los análisis fisicoquímicos. Como resultado, las muestras evaluadas mostraron deficiencias en el porcentaje de materia orgánica y elementos como Potasio, Fósforo y Magnesio. Se reportaron estadísticamente diferencias altamente significativas en NMP. La mayor cuantificación de diazótrofas se reportó en la finca Florilandia, que se caracterizó por tener riego por goteo. La mayor cuantificación de diazotrófas se registró en los medios NFb y JMV, demostrándose una mayor presencia de los presuntos géneros Azospirillum sp. y Burkholderia sp. los cuales son fácilmente aislados de suelos rizosféricos, a diferencia de los géneros Herbaspirillum sp. y Gluconacetobacter sp. que por su carácter endófito suelen ser menos predominantes en este tipo de muestras. Se concluye además, que las características fisicoquímicas del suelo, la humedad y las relaciones climáticas al momento de la toma de las muestras, condicionan la cantidad de exudados de las raíces y por tanto son factores que condicionaron la presencia de diazótrofas en las muestras.

Viabilidad de semillas de glycine max (l.) Utilizando la prueba de tetrazolio

SALAZAR MERCADO, SEIR ANTONIO | 2018-07-05

La soya (Glycine max L.) es una especie de la familia fabaceae, de gran importancia por su alto contenido de aceites y proteínas en su semilla. El éxito de la producción de este cultivo se ve mediado por factores como la utilización de simientes de alta calidad para su siembra. Por tal razón la finalidad de este estudio fue evaluar la viabilidad de las semillas de G. max utilizando la prueba de tetrazolio. Inicialmente, las semillas fueron colectadas en el municipio El Espinal-Tolima, Colombia; las cuales se expusieron a dos concentraciones (0,5 y 1,0 %) y dos tiempos de exposición (24 y 48 horas). Posteriormente, fueron estudiadas en el estereoscopio para determinar su viabilidad, tomando como parámetro la intensidad de la coloración roja en el embrión. Se obtuvieron los mayores porcentajes de viabilidad, con los tratamientos T2 (0,5 %, 48 h) y T3 (1,0%, 24h), siendo estos estadísticamente homogéneos entre sí (p ≤ 0,05: Tukey HSD) con 97 y 95 % de semillas viables. En la prueba de germinación se registró un promedio de 96 % para las cinco repeticiones y al comparar ambos ensayos los tratamientos T2 y T3 no presentaron diferencias significativas. Concluyendo así que el test de viabilidad es efectivo a concentraciones de 0,5% y 1,0 % de tetrazolio, durante los tiempos de exposición de 48 y 24 horas.

The information and communication technologies in the administration of the processes and systematization

Moreno Rozo, Laura Yolima | 2019-11-19

The objective of the research is to describe how Information and Communication Technologies allow not only to organize in the strain bank microorganisms obtained from different environments for application in academic, research and extension processes, but also to continue characterizing microorganisms obtained from different environments for application in all these processes. Results it has been observed that the absence of Information and Communication Technologies as a strategy to organize and select viable microorganisms already identified can continue to be used and applied in industrial processes, environmental, agricultural food and pharmaceutical industry, among others, has caused the dispersion and loss of information, hindering the easy and timely recovery of the products generated, not being recorded and stored information that is generated. The "Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Microbiología Avanzada y Biología Aplicada" must create its own website and web application that allows strengthening the strain bank, allowing them to be visible with the production generated there.

Implementación del portafolio como herramienta didáctica en educación superior: revisión de literatura

SALAZAR MERCADO, SEIR ANTONIO | 2019-06-04

El presente estudio se desarrolla desde el enfoque de la investigación documental y expone una revisión bibliográfica centrada en el análisis del portafolio y su implementación como instrumento didáctico en el contexto de la educación superior. Metodológicamente, se desarrollaron tres fases en las cuales se identificaron las fuentes primarias y secundarias de información, se realizó el análisis de la información utilizando la técnica de análisis de contenido y se establecieron los presupuestos teóricos que permitieron hacer interpretaciones y afirmaciones categóricas según los objetivos determinados. Finalmente, la investigación concluye que la revisión de la literatura muestra un amplio apoyo en la aplicación del portafolio desde una perspectiva práctica para llevar un control y autonomía de apropiación del proceso de enseñanza, aprendizaje y evaluación del desempeño estudiantil.

Pre-treatments effect on the tetrazolium test on Epidendrum barbaricum Hágsater & Dodson seeds

SALAZAR MERCADO, SEIR ANTONIO | 2020-03-17

Orchids are affected by several factors that impair their spreading, which is necessary to know the viability of their seeds. The aim of this research was to determine the most suitable preconditioning treatment to potentiate the tetrazolium test in Epidendrum barbaricum seeds. Initially, the mature capsules were collected near the city of Pasto in the Department of Nariño (Colombia), and seeds were obtained. Subsequently, the seeds were submitted to four pretreatments: immersion in distilled water, 1% hypochlorite, 10% alcohol and 10% sucrose. Seeds were then rinsed with distilled water and exposed to two concentrations of 2,3,5-trifenyl tetrazolium chloride (0.25%, 1%) and different exposure times (6, 12, 24, and 48 hours). To perform the tests, the 5 ml syringe with cloth filter method was used. The viability test results were corroborated with the in vitro germination test, using the MS (Murashige and Skoog) culture medium. The most reliable viability findings (93%) were obtained by using preconditioning with sodium hypochlorite, a value that has a high correlation with the percentage of germination (93%), independent of the tetrazolium concentration at an exposure time of 24 hours