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Tecnología, Innovación y Sociedad - GiTecInSO

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Rappaport T S 2002 Wireless Communications Principle and Practice (New York: Prentice Hall)

Vargas-Mantilla, C O | 2021-08-26

Due to the strategies implemented to carry out the development of a correct teaching by virtual means, a methodological strategy of experimental tests was developed for the identification of polymeric materials through the identification of physical and chemical properties, with the objective of providing the engineering student a greater approach to the application of the scientific method and the activation of the capacity of reasoning and deductive thinking from the physical and chemical point of view. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to validate this strategy implemented with a group of engineering students, for this purpose, the strategy was implemented, and the results obtained by the students from the development of the experimentation were analyzed, the data were analyzed by means of nonparametric tests, in this case binomial test. Finally, it is concluded that the polymer identification test is feasible to be implemented as a remote laboratory, as a methodical strategy in teaching, since it allows the development of experimentation, in this case, the identification of polymeric materials, which present diverse physical properties.

Diffuse scattering and physical optics in the propagation of electromagnetic waves applied to mobile communications

Gomez-Rojas, J | 2021-11-18

In this work, the optical theory of physics helps to understand, analyze, and calculate the received power in a fifth-generation mobile telecommunications receiver. In these communication systems there are statistical models and deterministic physical models. We investigated how diffuse scattering in reflection contributes to specular reflection in received power at a receiver due to materials in the propagating environment in a communication channel using millimeter waves. The dimensions of building construction materials have sizes comparable to wavelength at millimeter wave frequencies. The power transmitted by communication equipment can be reflected in the roughness of these apparently smooth materials or spread out in multiple directions. The results show that the contribution due to diffuse scattering must be considered and that deterministic physical models using optical theory are valid and improve predictive analysis with good fit. With these results, the physical theory allows to make software with high precision and that improves the current applications.

Impact of plasticizers on the physical and structural properties of concrete used in constructions

GARZÓN AGUDELO, PEDRO | 2021-06-04

Concrete has an important presence in the construction of buildings and civil works, so its application requires taking into account the standards, technical specifications and technologies that guarantee the structural stability expected by the manufacturers of materials and builders, and that is why the use of plasticizers arises as an adjuvant to the physical and mechanical properties of concrete. The objective of this article was to highlight the importance of plasticizers in the main properties of concrete used in construction and the ideal conditions for their use; based on a qualitative and quantitative approach methodology, scientifically validated sources of information related to the subject of the study were analyzed. It was possible to demonstrate significantly favorable results with the application of plasticizers as water reducers that increase mechanical strength, provided that they are used in an adequate proportion of these additives to improve the physical properties of concrete.

Analysis of variables related to the mass flow of gaseous emissions in beehive ovens

mendoza lizcano, sonia maritza | 2021-05-22

In the combustion processes of the ceramic industry, large amounts of pollutant gas concentration are generated, so it is necessary to measure the system and the physical phenomenon, as well as the variables inherent to the process, for subsequent estimation in terms of physical magnitudes, and a dimensional analysis, this allows to generate approximations in the causal relationships of the variables. The objective of the research is to analyze the behavior of the variables involved in the process and the influence of the mass flows of polluting gases. An exploratory and experimental methodology was used, for this, the data were taken with the technique of direct measurement in the sources of gas emissions and subsequently subjected to simulation in software such as AMOS V24.0 and LISREL V8.8., on the other hand, the data were subjected to an exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis, using SPSS software version 24.0. As a result, the variables capacity and production are practically identical, which leads to a high correlation and, consequently, an undesired multicollinearity between the variables, so the suggestion is to omit one of them. On the other hand, the sulfur percentage variable is inversely correlated with most of the variables and its saturation is not clear, so it is theoretically sustained as a latent variable of the SO2 indicator.

Characterization of physical properties of bismuth-titanium coatings on 316L stainless steel

GARZÓN AGUDELO, PEDRO | 2022-01-05

The 316 L steel is a type of stainless steel widely used in the medical industry, which in recent years has been studied for different uses in society. Being an engineering material, it is imperative to know its performance based on its physical and mechanical properties that allow identifying the response of this steel in addition to thin films as coatings. Bismuth and titanium have been recently used to improve the properties of 316 L steel, so they were used in this study. The sol-gel technique was used as the film forming method. The response of physical and mechanical properties was evaluated from the analysis of microhardness and coefficient of friction reported for the different types of steel-coating systems. Higher microhardness values were found for films with higher proportion of titanium. The coefficient of friction values is influenced by the system used, with higher values obtained for samples with a single coating layer.

Predictive model of mass flows of gaseous emissions from beehive ovens

mendoza lizcano, sonia maritza | 2021-08-09

One of the techniques used in the industry for the control of variables is, from their magnitudes, such as fuel flow, air volume, amount of material mass, among others. The ceramic industry needs to measure and control the polluting gases of its fixed sources in a less costly way, based on tools that allow agility in decision making to mitigate the adverse effects, not only to comply with a legal standard, but also for environmental and management commitment. The objective of the research is to design a predictive model of the concentration of polluting gases in the beehive ovens based on the results of the balance of matter and energy in the beehive ovens. An exploratory descriptive methodology was used, where data on beehive ovens and fourteen (14) continuous quantitative variables were considered through the statistical technique of multiple regression to analyze the predictive behavior of the pollutant concentration variables. As a result, the predictive capacity of the resulting model was high, explaining 79% of the total variation of the variable. The multiple correlation coefficient of the complete model was 0.79. During the analysis of the model assumptions, the Durbin Watson score reached a value of 1.971, evidencing compliance with the assumption of independence of the errors.

Diagnosis of physical conditions for the implementation of a reverse logistics management model in a supply chain

GARZÓN AGUDELO, PEDRO | 2021-06-09

The objective of this research was to structure a Reverse Logistics Management model applied to the furniture sector in the city of San José de Cúcuta, Colombia, based on the identification and analysis of the current business practices adopted by the companies that are part of this sector. For this purpose, engineering methods and techniques were used to propose alternatives that contribute to achieve a competitive growth, a better use of resources and environmental impact through strategies for the reuse of products or materials that, based on their physical properties, represent the best feasibility conditions. The type of research used was descriptive, with a qualitative approach. The methods used for data collection were mainly surveys, interviews and direct inspection of the companies studied, which made it possible to evaluate the physical variables of the object of study. It was possible to demonstrate that furniture manufacturing companies can adopt better reverse logistics practices in the manufacturing processes through referencing and articulation with strategic allies in the distribution channels. It was possible to establish the importance of implementing this model as a strategy to diagnose physical conditions and improve production systems to achieve a more efficient use of physical manufacturing resources.

Autoregressive modelling of chromatographic signals from urine samples for prostate cancer diagnosis

Soto Vergel, Angelo Joseph | 2021-06-09

This article evaluates autoregressive modeling as a feature extraction method in a database of chromatographic signals from urine samples for non-invasive diagnostic support of prostate cancer in response to the research question: Can chromatographic signals from urine be characterized and used as a non-invasive method for cancer diagnosis? For this purpose, a database of 18 patients, 9 diagnosed with prostate cancer and 9 control patients, is consolidated, statistical methods are implemented to generate autoregressive coefficients from the data signals, and finally, the principal component analysis technique is applied for crossclass classification. As a result, a correct classification was obtained in the total number of samples validating the autoregressive modelling as a feature extraction method in contrast to the conventional methodology usually followed in chromatographic signal processing.

Enseñanza de sistemas de radiocomunicaciones terrestres con línea de vista mediante software educativo

Soto Vergel, Angelo Joseph | 2019-07-19

El proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, a nivel de ingeniería, carece de herramientas sólidas que impacten y retroalimenten adecuadamente el proceso, y el área de las radiocomunicaciones terrestres con línea de vista no es la excepción; por lo cual, los estudiantes y docentes se ven obligados a recurrir a procesos memorísticos y rutinarios enmarcados en un paradigma conductista, generando deficientes aprendizajes. Este proyecto identifica el estilo de aprendizaje que caracteriza al estudiante de Ingeniería en Telecomunicaciones de la Universidad de Pamplona Campus Villa del Rosario y propone una herramienta computacional educativa acorde a las necesidades particulares del mismo. Para tal efecto, se aplica el instrumento de estilos de aprendizaje de Kolb. Como resultado se caracteriza el estilo de aprendizaje del programa académico y se desarrolla un software que impacta las necesidades educativas de los estudiantes, logrando una transición desde el conductismo hacia el constructivismo, presentando los mapas conceptuales como herramienta principal.

Loss estimation model for a mobile microcell based on a mobile application

Medina Delgado, Byron | 2019-10-28

There is the possibility of measuring the reception power by means of a mobile device to determine the coverage area of a mobile cell, with experimental type research in the field is carried out the installation of an application on mobile devices. The methodology is made up of the following stages: measurement campaigns, equipment configuration, connectivity tests, data capture and processing, mathematical formulation of an empirical model and statistical analysis of results on outdoor environments.

Modelo de transferencia tecnológica para la competitividad de medianas empresas

Medina Delgado, Byron | 2019-12-09

Se propone un modelo de transferencia tecnológica para la competitividad de la mediana empresa, para la ciudad de Cúcuta, Colombia. Este modelo se fundamenta en la caracterización de los indicadores de las variables transferencia tecnológica y competitividad, en las organizaciones de estudio. La aplicación del instrumento a la muestra indicó que estas empresas principalmente: no asocian el proceso evolutivo de la tecnología, afectando su rendimiento y vida útil, y no estimulan los procesos de innovación, pero si los de calidad.

Caracterización para la ubicación en la captura de video aplicado a técnicas de visión artificial en la detección de personas

Castro Casadiego, Sergio Alexander | 2020-07

Este documento muestra los resultados de la caracterización para la ubicación del dispositivo de captura de video para implementar en Python las técnicas de visión artificial de sustracción de fondo, detectores en cascada y flujo óptico, utilizadas en la detección de personas. Se confrontaron aspectos como altura y ángulo de inclinación del dispositivo, obteniendo una exactitud de 98.34% para la técnica de sustracción de fondo, con la cámara ubicada a 4 metros de altura con inclinación de 50°, siendo la de mejor rendimiento en el número de detecciones. En promedio, las pruebas realizadas a 4 metros presentan rendimiento de 87.96%, a 8 metros, 88.19%, a 50°, 87.94% y a 90° el rendimiento es de 88.19%.

Desarrollo de un modelo del índice de desarrollo organizacional para las instituciones públicas de educación superior

HERRERA RUBIO, JORGE ENRIQUE | 2020-07-08

Objetivo: Obtener un modelo analítico que determine el índice del desarrollo organizacional en la gestión gerencial de las Instituciones de Educación Superior. Metodología: La metodología que se contempló es de enfoque epistémico y de tipo descriptivo y explicativo. Resultados: En el análisis se identifican los componentes que priorizan las posibles alternativas de gestión organizacional mediante la cuantificación de los indicadores más significativos obtenidos del estudio de campo experimental para analizar las variables de pensamiento estratégico y competitividad. En el proceso estadístico se obtienen los indicadores que hacen parte del Análisis de Componentes Principales de los cuales se destacan cinco factores que representan el 86,386% para el caso de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander y del 75,02% para la Universidad de Pamplona de la varianza total explicada resultado de la combinación de las dos variables. Conclusiones: Los resultados matemáticos representan la percepción del sistema de gobernanza de las Instituciones de Educación Superior que refleja la necesidad de implementar estrategias de liderazgo que permitan de forma más holística comprender el entorno para mejorar la competitividad por medio de la reinvención de políticas institucionales basadas en: el mercadeo, la oferta de nuevos servicios, la innovación, la calidad y la eficiencia como instrumentos de diferenciación.

Monitoreo y reporte de estadísticas de descargas atmosféricas mediante aplicación móvil en Android

Rodriguez-Sepulveda, Leidy Johanna | 2020-07

El presente artículo detalla el desarrollo de un sistema de monitoreo de descargas atmosféricas detectadas mediante una estación situada en el departamento Norte de Santander, barrio Atalaya y una aplicación móvil desarrollada en Android Studio, que cuenta con un sistema de notificaciones de alertas tempranas, visualización en tiempo real de mapas geográficos con las incidencias de las descargas atmosféricas y herramientas educativas. El desarrollo de este sistema permite a los usuarios estar atentos ante desastres naturales de este tipo y poder tomar medidas preventivas ante las diferentes situaciones.

Study of the Thomson effect on the performance of thermoelectric modules with application to the energy recovery

Rojas Suárez, Jhan Piero | 2020-12-05

This paper analyzes the impact of the Thomson effect on the performance of thermoelectric modules. For this, different mathematical models are carried out that involves the relationship between temperature and the seebeck coefficient. These mathematical models are based on the equations that describe thermoelectric effects and are solved using finite element methods. Through linear and polynomial functions of the seebeck coefficient, the different behaviors that can occur in the Thomson coefficient and their effect on the power and efficiency of thermoelectric modules are analyzed. The results show that by not considering the Thomson effect, there is a variation of 31% and 32% in the power and efficiency of the thermoelectric module when the temperature conditions change, which makes it difficult to estimate the performance of the module. This problem can be solved by considering the Thomson effect since it predicts an approximately constant value of electrical power and efficiency for a wide temperature range. For the analyzed conditions, power and efficiency of 5.25 W and 13%, respectively, were observed. The proposed methodology allows an adequate estimation to determine the performance of the modules. Therefore, it could be implemented to search for materials that provide better thermoelectric characteristics.

Computational estimation from a statistical physics approach and its contributions to the Covid-19 in Colombia

Medina Delgado, Byron | 2020-12-01

The objective of this article is to present a computational estimate from a statistical physics approach and its contributions to Covid-19 in Colombia. Based on the daily data of contagions, recoveries and deaths, during the months of March to July, the estimation of the behavior of the epidemic was made using the nonlinear regression method with adjustment of curves by minimum squares. Highlighting the benefits that this method presents in the study of physical phenomena, it was used in the present research developing two types of modeling: exponential and Gaussian, and with these some predictions were made. The coefficients of determination of the exponential model were: 0.9641 for contagions, 0.9400 for recoveries and 0.9788 for deaths, and those of the Gaussian model were: 0.9799 for contagions, 0.9606 for recoveries and 0.9894 for deaths, showing a good correlation between the models and the real behavior of the pandemic, being the Gaussian one, the most approximate. This was also evidenced by comparing the prognosis of both models with the actual data for the first 13 days of August, concluding that the pandemic is beginning to mitigate, and the curve is flattening out.

Gestión del mantenimiento para la confiabilidad operacional

Medina Delgado, Byron | 2020-12-10

Se propone un modelo de gestión del mantenimiento para mejorar el nivel de confiabilidad operacional en las pequeñas y medianas empresas de la industria manufacturera de la ciudad de Santa Marta, Colombia. El modelo se elaboró con base en la descripción de las variables de investigación en la población de estudio. El modelo combina prácticas y herramientas del mantenimiento centrado en confiabilidad y el mantenimiento productivo total, con el propósito de mejorar la operación y producción de las empresas.

Sistema de geolocalización de vehículos a través de la red GSM/GPRS y tecnología Arduino

Sepúlveda, Sergio | 2019-01-28

Para localizar y guardar datos del posicionamiento geográfico de vehículos en tiempo real, se diseñó un sistema de geolocalización compuesto de dos elementos: un prototipo para el envío de coordenadas usando tecnología GPRS y un servidor web para la recepción y almacenamiento de la información recibida desde un GPS. Se utilizó el sistema em-bebido Raspberry Pi 3, configurado como servidor web HTTP bajo Apache 2.4, integrando PHP y MySQL. Se definió una IP estática local por medio de DHCP para establecer la comunicación del servidor con Internet. El hardware utilizado para enviar los datos corresponde a una tarjeta Arduino UNO; un módulo GPRS, programado mediante comandos AT y un GPS, cuya trama de datos $GPRMC corresponde al estándar NMEA. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una diferencia promedio de 6.50 m entre los datos de ubicación geográfica del dispositivo frente a los valores obtenidos mediante la geolocalización por HTML5; asimismo, se confirmó que el consumo diario del sistema es de 367.97 kB. Finalmente, a través de la puesta en marcha del prototipo se comprobó la precisión del dispositivo en comparación a otras alternativas de geolocalización, así como la viabilidad del uso de datos por medio de SIM card a través del protocolo GPRS.

Compensation of frequency mismatch between transmitter and receiver local oscillators to enhance 5G-based radio-over-fiber transmissions

GUEVARA IBARRA, DINAEL | 2020-12-05

Radio-over-fiber is a cost-effective support for the forthcoming 5G developments aimed to fulfill the ever-increasing demand for information. However, such systems are limited by transmission impairments that reduce the quality of communication. To enhance the system performance, an adaptive decision-feedback equalizer based on the least mean square algorithm is proposed in this work to compensate for frequency mismatch in the transmitter and receiver local oscillators in a radio-over-fiber transmission scenario when considering the latest 5G New radio standard. Simulation results in MATLAB exhibit a major impact from the equalization technique in improving the system performance in the presence of such a frequency offset, allowing the optical link to be extended from ∼100 km with no equalizer up to ∼690 km after equalization. Thus, it was demonstrated that the proposed adaptive equalization technique is a promising contender to enhance 5G-based Radio-over-Fiber data transmissions.

Análisis de viabilidad y diseño de un sistema electrónico para el seguimiento de la dinámica poblacional en la ciudad de Cúcuta

Niño , Carlos | 2020-08-04

En este documento se muestran los resultados obtenidos al realizar un análisis de viabilidad y el diseño de un sistema electrónico para el seguimiento de la dinámica poblacional en la ciudad de Cúcuta. El análisis de viabilidad se realizó al indagar respecto a la posición de la ciudadanía en lo que compete al comportamiento de la dinámica poblacional, su impacto en la región y la preferencia por el uso de la tecnología como solución de problemas sociales. Asimismo, el diseño del sistema electrónico de procesamiento de señales se realizó seleccionando las herramientas de hardware y software por medio de una matriz de priorización, comparando once factores de interés, que permitieron elaborar los algoritmos de detección de personas basado en las técnicas de Histograma de Gradientes Orientados y de Sustracción de Fondo con Extracción de Blobs, posteriormente probados con imágenes propias de los autores.