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Productividad y Competitividad – GIPYC

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Design of a model for improving emergency room performance using a colored Petri net

Caicedo-Rolón, Alvaro Jr | 2024-01-31

Emergency rooms are one of the most complex and vital areas of healthcare institutions, which have presented overcrowding, long waiting, and length of stay times, affecting the timeliness, responsiveness, and quality of service. This research aimed to design a detailed patient flow model to improve emergency room performance using the hierarchical timed colored Petri nets. Then, the model was simulated to evaluate scenarios considering tactical decisions such as physician staff planning, operational decisions such as adjusting work schedules, and strategic decisions such as increasing observation beds. The best scenario would reduce the average waiting times for triage II patients by 17.30 % and 47.57 %, and triage III by 33.49 % and 43.49 % for medical consultation in the office or the minor surgery room, respectively. In addition, the waiting time in observation and the rate of patients left without being seen by a physician would be reduced by 92.45 % and 74.67 %, respectively. These results improve the quality and timeliness of the service and avoid putting the patient's health and life at risk. The designed model included more attributes for patients concerning the place of medical care in the emergency room, the number of visits to the physician, and the physician who will care for the patient. Moreover, the simulation model includes observation beds as a limited resource blocking new patient admission. Finally, this model is a tool to support emergency room managers in making short, medium, and long-term decisions to address problems such as overcrowding, long waiting and length of stay times, and high rates of patients left without being seen by a physician

Design of a mathematical model for staff planning in an emergency department

Caicedo-Rolón, Alvaro Jr | 2024-03-29

The emergency department plays a fundamental role in hospitals and critically affects a hospital's overall efficiency. Inadequate staff planning in emergency departments generates high costs, overcrowding, and patient dissatisfaction due to long waiting times, possibly putting the patient's health and life at risk. This research designed two mixed integer linear programming mathematical models. The first determined the optimal number of physicians required per shift and weekday in an adult emergency department to minimize the deviation between available and required capacity. The results of the optimization model would reduce by 16.07 % the required medical office staff per week, from 56 physicians in the current situation to 47, reducing staffing costs without impacting waiting times. Moreover, the overall physician utilization would be 95.01 % compared to 77.79 % in the current situation, indicating an adequate distribution of physicians on each shift of each day according to patient demand. These results contribute to the problem of high medical staff costs and overcrowding without sacrificing timeliness and quality of care. In contrast, the second model that minimized the number of physicians considering capacity constraints would increase the staff by 7.14 % concerning the current situation. This research was based on a model presented in the literature, but the objective function included the deviation variables as unrestricted in sign and a constraint to ensure that they were positive. The first model designed is presented as a tool to support emergency department managers in the medium-term planning of medical staff, ensuring an optimal solution to this problem

Greenwashing, responsabilidad ambiental y huella de carbono: impacto en la productividad del sector industrial en Cúcuta

PALACIOS ALVARADO, WLAMYR | 2024-05-06

Esta investigación aborda el problema del greenwashing, una práctica engañosa que algunas empresas emplean para parecer más responsables ambientalmente de lo que realmente son. Frente a este panorama, el objetivo principal de la investigación es examinar el impacto del greenwashing, la responsabilidad ambiental y la huella de carbono en la productividad de las empresas del sector industrial de Cúcuta. Para lograr este fin, se empleó una metodología cuantitativa correlacional, seleccionando una muestra representativa de 420 empresas de las 9364 que conforman el tejido industrial de la ciudad. Este muestreo se realizó con un nivel de confianza del 95% y un margen de error del 5%. El instrumento utilizado para recoger los datos alcanzó un nivel de diligenciamiento del 88,1%. Los resultados del estudio revelaron una correlación negativa moderada (-0,46) entre el greenwashing y la optimización de recursos, sugiriendo que un aumento en las prácticas de greenwashing se asocia con una disminución de la eficiencia en la gestión de recursos. De manera más significativa, se encontró una correlación negativa muy fuerte (-0,95) entre la huella de carbono de las empresas y su rentabilidad, indicando que un incremento en la huella de carbono generalmente resulta en una menor rentabilidad. La conclusión principal destaca la importancia de desarrollar e implementar estrategias que permitan a las empresas equilibrar eficientemente la responsabilidad ambiental con la productividad. Esto no solo mejora su sostenibilidad y rentabilidad a largo plazo, sino que también contribuye positivamente con el bienestar ambiental global.

Location of ambulances for Cucuta's emergency medical system

Caicedo-Rolón, Alvaro Jr | 2024-05-22

La localización de las bases de ambulancias es una decisión es tratégica en el sistema de emergencias médicas (SEM), que impacta el ti empo de respuesta y la probabilidad de salvar vidas o dej ar secuelas en los p acientes que s ufren acci dentes de tráns ito o crisis d e una enfermedad.

Perfil idóneo en habilidades gerenciales para los gerentes de produccióndel sector manufacturero

Caicedo-Rolón, Alvaro Jr | 2024-09-22

El presente estudio se centra en la importancia de las habilidades gerenciales en las empresas modernas, especialmente en el sector manufacturero, destacando su influencia en la innovación y el desarrollo. El objetivo del trabajo de investigación es construir un perfil idóneo para gerentes de producción, con base en la teoría de habilidades gerenciales de Robert Katz. La investigación desglosa estas habilidades en subfactores e indicadores específicos, validando la importancia de manejar habilidades conceptuales, técnicas y humanas, según el nivel de gerencia. Las habilidades técnicas abarcan la administración de producción, el control de calidad y la seguridad industrial; las humanas, el trabajo en equipo, la comunicación efectiva y el liderazgo, y las conceptuales, un enfoque sistémico, la globalización y técnicas avanzadas de administración. Este trabajo identificó la capacitación como un mecanismo clave para mejorar las capacidades gerenciales, contribuyendo al desarrollo competitivo y sirviendo también como base para rediseñar los programas de estudios de ingeniería industrial, dando respuesta a las exigencias de un mercado altamente enfocado en la administración humana y respaldado por tendencias tecnológicas

Analysis of variables related to the mass flow of gaseous emissions in beehive ovens

mendoza lizcano, sonia maritza | 2021-05-22

In the combustion processes of the ceramic industry, large amounts of pollutant gas concentration are generated, so it is necessary to measure the system and the physical phenomenon, as well as the variables inherent to the process, for subsequent estimation in terms of physical magnitudes, and a dimensional analysis, this allows to generate approximations in the causal relationships of the variables. The objective of the research is to analyze the behavior of the variables involved in the process and the influence of the mass flows of polluting gases. An exploratory and experimental methodology was used, for this, the data were taken with the technique of direct measurement in the sources of gas emissions and subsequently subjected to simulation in software such as AMOS V24.0 and LISREL V8.8., on the other hand, the data were subjected to an exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis, using SPSS software version 24.0. As a result, the variables capacity and production are practically identical, which leads to a high correlation and, consequently, an undesired multicollinearity between the variables, so the suggestion is to omit one of them. On the other hand, the sulfur percentage variable is inversely correlated with most of the variables and its saturation is not clear, so it is theoretically sustained as a latent variable of the SO2 indicator.

Predictive model of mass flows of gaseous emissions from beehive ovens

mendoza lizcano, sonia maritza | 2021-08-09

One of the techniques used in the industry for the control of variables is, from their magnitudes, such as fuel flow, air volume, amount of material mass, among others. The ceramic industry needs to measure and control the polluting gases of its fixed sources in a less costly way, based on tools that allow agility in decision making to mitigate the adverse effects, not only to comply with a legal standard, but also for environmental and management commitment. The objective of the research is to design a predictive model of the concentration of polluting gases in the beehive ovens based on the results of the balance of matter and energy in the beehive ovens. An exploratory descriptive methodology was used, where data on beehive ovens and fourteen (14) continuous quantitative variables were considered through the statistical technique of multiple regression to analyze the predictive behavior of the pollutant concentration variables. As a result, the predictive capacity of the resulting model was high, explaining 79% of the total variation of the variable. The multiple correlation coefficient of the complete model was 0.79. During the analysis of the model assumptions, the Durbin Watson score reached a value of 1.971, evidencing compliance with the assumption of independence of the errors.

Diagnosis of physical conditions for the implementation of a reverse logistics management model in a supply chain

GARZÓN AGUDELO, PEDRO | 2021-06-09

The objective of this research was to structure a Reverse Logistics Management model applied to the furniture sector in the city of San José de Cúcuta, Colombia, based on the identification and analysis of the current business practices adopted by the companies that are part of this sector. For this purpose, engineering methods and techniques were used to propose alternatives that contribute to achieve a competitive growth, a better use of resources and environmental impact through strategies for the reuse of products or materials that, based on their physical properties, represent the best feasibility conditions. The type of research used was descriptive, with a qualitative approach. The methods used for data collection were mainly surveys, interviews and direct inspection of the companies studied, which made it possible to evaluate the physical variables of the object of study. It was possible to demonstrate that furniture manufacturing companies can adopt better reverse logistics practices in the manufacturing processes through referencing and articulation with strategic allies in the distribution channels. It was possible to establish the importance of implementing this model as a strategy to diagnose physical conditions and improve production systems to achieve a more efficient use of physical manufacturing resources.

Autoregressive modelling of chromatographic signals from urine samples for prostate cancer diagnosis

Soto Vergel, Angelo Joseph | 2021-06-09

This article evaluates autoregressive modeling as a feature extraction method in a database of chromatographic signals from urine samples for non-invasive diagnostic support of prostate cancer in response to the research question: Can chromatographic signals from urine be characterized and used as a non-invasive method for cancer diagnosis? For this purpose, a database of 18 patients, 9 diagnosed with prostate cancer and 9 control patients, is consolidated, statistical methods are implemented to generate autoregressive coefficients from the data signals, and finally, the principal component analysis technique is applied for crossclass classification. As a result, a correct classification was obtained in the total number of samples validating the autoregressive modelling as a feature extraction method in contrast to the conventional methodology usually followed in chromatographic signal processing.

Production of bioethanol from rice husk pretreated with alkalis and hydrolyzed with acid cellulase at pilot scale

Cacua Silva, Alejandra | 2018-12-07

Rice husk (RH) is the main biomass byproduct of the rice industry, so much that it corresponds to 20% of the total cereal production and is generally considered a waste. Due to its content of cellulose and hemicellulose, the RH has a great potential for its alternative use in the production of bioethanol, since it has a great advantage with respect to the conventional raw materials used (sugar cane, corn, beet and sweet sorghum, among others), given that this lignocellulosic material is abundant and does not compete with the food industry. The objective of this work was to obtain bioethanol from rice husk at a pilot scale, taking advantage of its cellulose and hemicellulose content. For this, a sample of 450g of RH was taken, which was pretreated with a 2.00% w/v NaOH solution and subsequently hydrolyzed with acid cellulase (CFB3S). The alcoholic fermentation of total reducing sugars (TRS) obtained in the enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, finally, the fractional distillation of the must was carried out, by means of which four bioethanol samples were obtained with concentrations of 71.3% v/v, 30.0% v/v, 10.3% v/v, and 5.3% v/v of alcohol, which when mixed produced a sample of 95mL of solution with a concentration of 27% v/v alcohol (4.70g/100g of RH).

La teoría de restricciones y la optimización como herramientas gerenciales para la programación de la producción. Una aplicación en la industria de muebles

Romero Rojas, Julian David | 2019-07-18

La teoría de restricciones (TOC) es una filosofía de mejoramiento continuo, que se enfoca en el eslabón más débil de la cadena, para mejorar el desempeño del sistema productivo. El propósito de la investigación fue determinar la cantidades a fabricar de cada producto y su secuencia de producción en una industria mediana de muebles para cocinas y baños, a partir de los enfoques de la contabilidad del throughput de la TOC, y alternativamente la optimización, como la programación lineal. Se identificó como restricción (cuello de botella) del proceso productivo la etapa de mecanizado con una utilización del 193.71%, la cual se prevé mejore con la aplicación de la metodología de la TOC, incrementando las utilidades un 87.62 %. La contabilidad del throughput es una heurística apropiada, fácil de entender por parte de los gestores de la producción, y útil para soportar la toma de decisiones, aunque no siempre garantiza una solución óptima al problema de mezcla de producción. El procedimi ...

Modelo matemático para la planeación de la producción en una industria metalmecánica

Caicedo-Rolón, Alvaro Jr | 2019-09-30

La planeación de la producción es una decisión táctica a mediano plazo, que determina el nivel de trabajadores, inventarios y producción requeridos, para satisfacer la demanda en un horizonte de planeación. Se diseñó un modelo matemático para la planeación agregada de la producción en una industria metalmecánica mediana, donde se desarrolló una estrategia mixta que incluyó la persecución (contratación y despido) y nivel de inventarios, apartir de un modelo de programación lineal. Los resultados arrojaron las necesidades de cantidad de empleados, las contrataciones, los niveles de producción por jornada laboral y los inventarios, para cada proceso, que minimizanlos costos asociados al plan y satisfacen los requerimientos de la demanda. El modelo matemático diseñado y el proceso seguido para la planeación agregada de la producción, son una herramienta de apoyo a la toma de decisiones en la gestión de operaciones, ypuedenimplementarseen empresas de la industria metalmecánica.

Comparison of statistical forecasting techniques for Colombian coffee demand in South Korea

PALACIOS ALVARADO, WLAMYR | 2019-03-06

This article shows a comparison of various methods as a statistical technique for making applied forecasts of Colombian coffee demand in South Korea. The aim is to model the demand behavior in the most adjusted and efficient way possible. To do this, the correlation factor between demand and different macroeconomic variables was analyzed, the one with the greatest relationship is selected and the autocorrelation factor is evaluated. Later, different deterministic methods are used such as linear regression by least squares, simple moving average, weighted moving average, simple exponential smoothing, and exponential smoothing with trend. As a result, a multiple linear regression analysis is obtained, an evaluation of the predictive capacity of the regression model was made through analysis of variance, and the calculation of the standard error of multiple estimation, multiple determination coefficient and the adjusted determination coefficient.

Effect of the number of layers on surface topography of bismuth-titanium coatings

GARZÓN AGUDELO, PEDRO | 2019-11-29

The objective of this research is to perform a topographic characterization by atomic force microscopy of the surface of bismuth titanate (Bi/Ti) coatings varying the number of layers deposited on the substrates, considering that there were not results of reported studies in which these precursors were used. It is important to analyze the surface behavior of these coatings as a first phase of future researches to establish the viability of possible uses and applications in biomedical industry. The films were synthesized by the sol-gel method from bismuth nitrate pentahydrate and titanium tetrabutoxide. Subsequently, by means of the spin- coating technique, the coatings were deposited on 316L stainless steel in monolayer and bi- layer, as this type of steel has been widely used for medical applications due to its good compatibility. The roughness values of each of the coatings were also determined. It is concluded that there is a relationship between the topography of the surface and the roughness values of the films with respect to the concentration of the precursors, the number and the speed of centrifugation of the layers deposited on the substrate. High concentrations of titanium tetrabutoxide effect on the good densification characteristics of the coatings.

Análisis de las dimensiones del proceso de transferencia tecnológica como métrica para cuantificar su absorción en entornos organizacional

PALACIOS ALVARADO, WLAMYR | 2020-04

La transferencia tecnológica germina como un elemento diferenciador entre las organizaciones, como ventaja competitiva, con el propósito de identificar la tecnología que puede contribuir a la organización favorablemente en su entorno dinámico, a partir de conocimientos tecnocientíficos, para implementar un desarrollo industrializado. Para ello, se empleó un muestreo simple aleatorio de una población determinada, se calcularon medidas de tendencia central y dispersión, a la vez se diseñó un instrumento de investigación que fue validado, a través de pruebas no paramétricas y se estableció su confiabilidad, este documento se diseñó a partir de la sistematización de variables. Los resultados indicaron que en cuanto a transferencia tecnológica, las empresas reconocen la tecnología de manera regular, lo que implica una concepción regular del ciclo de vida de la tecnología, de las fuentes para identificar la tecnología, y una concepción buena del mercado de la tecnología.

Defensa 4.0: internet de las cosas en sistemas de batalla (IoBT) en defensa naval

RIOLA RODRIGUEZ, JOSE MARIA | 2020-05

La cuarta revolución industrial I-4.0 se basa en la digitalización de sus procesos productivos, logísticos y militares, entre otros, permitiendo la interacción entre sistemas físicos y digitales, y logrando el uso de información en tiempo real para la toma de decisiones oportunas, así como la recolección de información para una planificación más precisa. En el campo militar, el empleo de Internet de las Cosas en el Campo de Batalla (IoBT Internet of Battlefield Things) ha permitido un acelerado desarrollo tecnológico en las operaciones militares, escenarios de batalla, procesamiento de datos y producción de equipos y maquinaria bélica, lo que en la literatura e industria militar se denomina Defensa 4.0. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo exponer la aplicación de la I-4.0 en el desarrollo, construcción y operación de los buques de guerra para el uso de la defensa naval, explicando su importancia e impactos en la industria militar.

Contributing factors in academic performance and troubles associated with teaching in areas of physics in engineering students

GARZÓN AGUDELO, PEDRO | 2020-12-16

Learning processes are affected by a series of factors, both individual students and the institutional environment in which they develop. The present work is developed under the context of learning processes in areas of physics in engineering students, belonging to the academic program of technology in industrial processes, considering the socio-demographic and academic variables that affect students and that in turn affect student dropout. Data collection instruments were applied to a population group of 90 students, allowing to propose strategic scenarios that would contribute to improve the quality of academic processes and students' skills in the study of mechanical and electromagnetic physics. It was determined that the role played by teachers and the methodology in which they teach their students, the physical conditions and teaching methods directly affect the effectiveness of learning and academic performance. It was also demonstrated that the lack of prior knowledge in the fundamentals of logic-mathematics and basic physics are determining aspects in the failure and repetition of the subjects.

Analysis of caffeine in energy drinks by ultra-fast liquid chromatography

RodrÍguez Ordoñez, Dora Cecilia | 2020-08-05

The objective of this work was to standardize the method of analysis of caffeine and determine its content in three energy drinks (Vive 100, Peak and Red Bull) consumed in the Colombian market, which were selected based on the results of a significant survey conducted to 384 people in the metropolitan area of "San José de Cúcuta, Colombia", from each energy drink two production lots were taken and in turn from each lot three drinks were taken for a total of 18, each one was analyzed in triplicate; caffeine concentration was determined on a Shimadzu Prominence ultra-fast liquid chromatograph. The average concentrations in mg of caffeine/L, for lot 1 were 256.96, 218.10 and 235.73 for drinks Vive 100, Peak and Red Bull, respectively and for lot 2, the respective values were 229.30, 233.86 and 238.33. As established in Resolution 4150 of 2009, the maximum limit allowed is 320 mg of caffeine/L, it was observed that the concentrations in all the energy drinks analyzed are lower, therefore, they are complying with the provisions of the law.

Study of the piston secondary movement on the tribological performance of a single cylinder low-displacement diesel engine

Duarte Forero, Jorge | 2020-10-30

The present study aims to analyze the secondary movement of the piston considering the deformations present in the piston skirt, the hydrodynamic lubrication, and the effects of the clearances in the connecting rod bearings. The analysis of the piston movement is performed by developing a mathematical model, which was used to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of the piston movement, the slap force on the piston skirt, the effect of the secondary piston movement on the connecting rod, and the influence of clearances in the connecting rod bearings and in the piston. For the study, the geometric of the crankshaft-connecting rod–piston system of a single-cylinder diesel engine is taken as a reference. The deformation model of the piston was carried out by means of a symmetric finite element model (FEM), which was integrated into the mathematical model of the piston. MATLAB® software (The MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA, USA) is used for the development of model simulations. The obtained results show that during the combustion cycle, there are six changes of direction in the secondary movement of the piston with lateral and angular velocities that can reach a magnitude of 0.13 m/s and 4 rad/s. The lateral and angular movement of the piston during its travel causes the appearance of impacts on the piston skirt with the cylinder liner, which produces an increase of approximately 500 N in the hydrodynamic forces in the connecting rod bearings. The force analysis shows that the range of the maximum magnitudes of these forces is between 1900 N and 3480 N. The increase in clearance between the cylinder liner and the piston skirt (Cpc) causes a greater lateral displacement and an increase in the angle of inclination of the piston. Analysis of the change in connecting rod bearing clearance shows that there are critical values in relation to clearance Cpc. The model presented allows us to analyze the different characteristics of the secondary movement of the piston, which involve the interaction between the piston skirt and the cylinder liner. Additionally, the influence of this movement on the connecting rod bearings is considered. The foregoing can be used as an analysis tool for the study of designs and/or modifications in the engine in such a way that greater durability of the components, reductions in acoustic emissions, and reduction in friction losses are achieved. View Full-Text

Evaluation of the mechanical behaviour to the force of tension between thermoplastic materials of origin and recycled

PALACIOS ALVARADO, WLAMYR | 2020-11-05

The use of plastic products and polymeric matrix compounds is increasing in engineering, most of these materials are subjected to dynamic loads, therefore, are constantly evaluated according to experimental methods that allow a characterization of their main properties. Therefore, this research work consisted in carrying out the characterization of mechanical properties of thermoplastic materials of different origin; commercial and recycled, where three cases were worked: Polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl chloride and polypropylene, for which there were 3.5 ± 0.1 mm thick sheets, manufactured by extrusion and supplied by a local supplier, in the city of San José de Cúcuta, Colombia. Afterwards, the specimens or samples were cut for the tension test adapting the shape and geometry, according to the standard test method for tensile properties of plastics, ASTM D638-14, using laser cutting for such purpose, the specimens were conditioned at a temperature of 20 °C during 40 hours prior to the moment of the tension test, the equipment used was a universal machine branded from Electro Mechanical Instrument & Components Corp., commercial reference DL2000 N° 11760 NS 784 with a speed adjustment of 5 mm/min to keep within the times given by the standard. Once the tests are performed, the stress/strain graphs of each case studied are obtained and the experimental results are analyzed from the data provided by the software "Tesc versão 4.00". Afterwards, Young's module is statistically analyzed and compared in each study, seeing which one presents the best behavior under the studied load conditions, raising a hypothesis, where the question is if the differences in the sample between Young's module can come from a population with an mean of zero, in this case, it is concluded that there is no difference between Young's modulus values for polymethylmethacrylate samples, the same occurred for polyvinyl chloride and polypropylene.